Chikungunya future or investigational therapies
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Future Therapies
Chloroquine | Ribavirin | 6-Azauridine | Arbidol | Harringtonine | |
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Assay type | In vitro (vero cells) | Human | In vitro (vero cells) | In vitro (vero and primary human fibroblast cells) | In vitro (BHK21 cells) |
Hypothesized target | Disrupted endosome-mediated CHIKV internalization, possibly through the prevention of endosomal acidification. | Can interact with the intracellular viral RNA production. | Inhibition of orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine, cytidine, and thymidine. | Inhibition of virus mediated fusion and blocking of the viral entry into the target cells through inhibition of glycoprotein conformational changes that are essential for the fusion process. | Affects CHIKV RNA production inside the infected cell as well as viral protein expression such as the nsP3 and the E2 proteins. |
Advantages | In vitro study proved that it blocks the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the proliferation of
monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes |
Faster resolution of joint and soft tissue manifestations. | Showed a significant inhibition of CHIKV at a low concentration. | Well-tolerated with minimal side effects | Minimal cytotoxicity |
Disadvantages | In vivo study required. | Involvement of a small number of patients and lack of planning as randomly distributed patients were not
compared with a placebo group. |
The antiviral activity has been difficult to replicate in vivo. | Not tested in in vivo system. | Not tested in in vivo system. |
Table adapted from |