Carotid body tumor natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of carotid body tumor usually develop in the fifth decade of life and start with symptoms such as asymptomatic mass in the anterior triangle of the neck.[1]
- In familial cases, it tends to manifest at a younger age.[2]
- This tumor is a slowly growing mass with the median growth rate of 1.0mm/year.
- The median time needed for the tumor to be doubled is 4.2 years.
- If left untreated, patients with carotid body tumor may progress to develop cranial nerve involvement, airway obstruction, and malignant transformation of the tumor.
Complications
- Carotid body tumor growth may cause local damage such as:[3]
- Carnial nerve dysfunction
- Airway obstruction
- Carotid body tumor may result in neurovascular complications peri and post operatively.[4][5]
- These complications include cranial nerve damage as well as carotid vessel hemorrhage.
- Neurovscular complication rate differs according to the Shamblin subtype and the size of the tumor.
- For type I and II, the peri and post-surgical complications are low and around 0% to 3% of the cases.
- For Type III, it may be as high as 7% to 35% of the cases.
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally good after complete surgical removal of the tumor.[6]
- In case of malignant metastasis, the follow-up must be done continuously, however, recurrence or metastasis may occur years later.
- The 10-year survival rate of patients with malignant paraganglioma is approximately 50%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of the tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis
References
- ↑ Lee, Ki Yeol; Oh, Yu-Whan; Noh, Hyung Jun; Lee, Yu Jin; Yong, Hwan-Seok; Kang, Eun-Young; Kim, Kyeong Ah; Lee, Nam Joon (2006). "Extraadrenal Paragangliomas of the Body: Imaging Features". American Journal of Roentgenology. 187 (2): 492–504. doi:10.2214/AJR.05.0370. ISSN 0361-803X.
- ↑ Burgess, Alfred; Calderon, Moises; Jafif-Cojab, Marcos; Jorge, Diego; Balanza, Ricardo (2017). "Bilateral carotid body tumor resection in a female patient". International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 41: 387–391. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.019. ISSN 2210-2612.
- ↑ Swett C, Makar AB, McMartin KE, Palese M, Tephly TR, Corgier M, Pacheco H, Gailani S, McLimans WF, Mundy GR, Nussbaum A, Roholt O, Zeigel R, Wiesmann UN, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz NN (November 1975). "Outpatient phenothiazine use and bone marrow depression. A report from the drug epidemiology unit and the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 32 (11): 1416–8. doi:10.1016/0006-2944(75)90147-7. PMID 978.
- ↑ Lim JY, Kim J, Kim SH, Lee S, Lim YC, Kim JW, Choi EC (June 2010). "Surgical treatment of carotid body paragangliomas: outcomes and complications according to the shamblin classification". Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 3 (2): 91–5. doi:10.3342/ceo.2010.3.2.91. PMC 2896739. PMID 20607078.
- ↑ Plukker JT, Brongers EP, Vermey A, Krikke A, van den Dungen JJ (October 2001). "Outcome of surgical treatment for carotid body paraganglioma". Br J Surg. 88 (10): 1382–6. doi:10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01878.x. PMID 11578296.
- ↑ Wieneke, Jacqueline A.; Smith, Alice (2009). "Paraganglioma: Carotid Body Tumor". Head and Neck Pathology. 3 (4): 303–306. doi:10.1007/s12105-009-0130-5. ISSN 1936-055X.