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{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[User:Rim Halaby|Rim Halaby]]


==[[Cardiovascular anatomy]]==
==[[Coronary circulation]]==
==[[Microcirculation]]==
==[[Electrophysiology]]==
==[[Cardiac muscle]]==
==[[Cardiac cycle]]==
==[[Pressure-volume loop]]==
==[[Hemodynamics]]==


 
==Key Words==
'''Cardiovascular physiology''' is the study of the [[circulatory system]]. More specifically, it addresses the [[physiology]] of the [[heart]] ("cardio") and [[blood vessel]]s ("vascular").
===Heart===
 
*[[Heart]]
These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names "cardiac physiology" and "circulatory physiology".<ref>[http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section3/3outline.htm Overview] at [[Medical College of Georgia]]</ref>
* [[Cardiac output]] (= [[heart rate]] x [[stroke volume]].
 
Although the different aspects of cardiovascular physiology are closely interrelated, the subject is still usually divided into several subtopics.
 
==Heart==
:''See [[Heart#Physiology]] for more details''
* [[Cardiac output]] (= [[heart rate]] * [[stroke volume]]. Can also be calculated with [[Fick principle]].)
** [[Stroke volume]] (= [[end-diastolic volume]] - [[end-systolic volume]])
** [[Stroke volume]] (= [[end-diastolic volume]] - [[end-systolic volume]])
** [[Ejection fraction]] (= stroke volume / end-diastolic volume)
** [[Ejection fraction]] (= stroke volume / end-diastolic volume)
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* [[Pressure volume diagram]]
* [[Pressure volume diagram]]


==Blood vessels==
===Blood vessels===
:''See [[Blood vessel#Physiology]] for more details''
* [[Blood vessel]]
* [[Compliance (physiology)|Compliance]]
* [[Compliance (physiology)|Compliance]]
* [[Microcirculation]]
* [[Microcirculation]]
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* [[Skeletal-muscle pump]]
* [[Skeletal-muscle pump]]


==Regulation of blood pressure==
===Regulation of blood pressure===
* [[Baroreceptor]]
* [[Baroreceptor]]
* [[Baroreflex]]
* [[Baroreflex]]
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===Hemodynamics===
===Hemodynamics===
Under most circumstances, the body attempts to maintain a steady [[mean arterial pressure]].
When there is a major and immediate decrease (such as that due to [[hemorrhage]] or [[Orthostatic hypotension|standing up]]), the body can increase the following:
* [[Heart rate]]
* [[Heart rate]]
* [[Total peripheral resistance]] (primarily due to [[Vasoconstrictor|vasoconstriction]] of [[arteries]])
* [[Total peripheral resistance]]
* [[Inotrope|Inotropic state]]
* [[Inotrope|Inotropic state]]
In turn, this can have a significant impact upon several other variables:
* [[Stroke volume]]
* [[Stroke volume]]
* [[Cardiac output]]
* [[Cardiac output]]
* Pressure
* [[Blood pressure]]
** [[Pulse pressure]] ([[Systole (medicine)|systolic pressure]] - [[Diastole|diastolic pressure]])
** [[Pulse pressure]] ([[Systole (medicine)|systolic pressure]] - [[Diastole|diastolic pressure]])
** [[Mean arterial pressure]] (usually approximated with diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure)
** [[Mean arterial pressure]]  
** [[Central venous pressure]]
** [[Central venous pressure]]
==Regional circulation==
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Name of circulation''' || '''% of [[cardiac output]]'''  || '''[[Autoregulation]]''' || '''[[Perfusion]]''' || '''Comments'''
|-
| [[pulmonary circulation]] || 100% (deoxygenated) ||  ||  || [[Vasoconstriction]] in response to [[hypoxia]]
|-
| [[cerebral circulation]] || 15%<ref>{{GeorgiaPhysiology|3/3ch11/s3c11_13}}</ref>  || high  || under-perfused || Fixed volume means intolerance of high pressure. Minimal ability to use [[anaerobic respiration]]
|-
| [[coronary circulation]] || 5%  || high  || under-perfused  || Minimal ability to use [[anaerobic respiration]]. Blood flow through the [[left coronary artery]] is at a maximum during [[diastole]] (in contrast to the rest of [[systemic circulation]], which has a maximum blood flow during [[systole]].)
|-
| [[splanchnic]] circulation || 15% || low  ||  || Flow increases during [[digestion]].
|-
| [[hepatic circulation]] || 15% ||  ||  || Part of [[portal venous system]], so [[oncotic pressure]] is very low
|-
| [[renal circulation]] || 25%  || high || over-perfused || Maintains [[glomerular filtration rate]]
|-
| [[skeletal muscle]] circulation || 17%<ref>{{GeorgiaPhysiology|3/3ch11/s3c11_2}}</ref> || ||  || Perfusion increases dramatically during [[exercise]].
|-
| [[cutaneous]] circulation || 2%<ref>{{GeorgiaPhysiology|3/3ch11/s3c11_10}}</ref>  || || over-perfused || Crucial in [[thermoregulation]]. Significant ability to use [[anaerobic respiration]]
|}
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
* {{MeshName|Cardiovascular+physiology}}
* www.cvphsysiology.com - Comprehensive explanation of basic cardiovascular concepts.


{{Cardiovascular physiology}}
{{Cardiovascular physiology}}

Revision as of 16:50, 25 October 2012

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby

Cardiovascular anatomy

Coronary circulation

Microcirculation

Electrophysiology

Cardiac muscle

Cardiac cycle

Pressure-volume loop

Hemodynamics

Key Words

Heart

Blood vessels

Regulation of blood pressure

Hemodynamics


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