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| {{drugbox
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| | IUPAC_name = (2''S'')-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methyl-<br>propanoic acid
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| | image = Carbidopa.svg
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| | CAS_number = 38821-49-7
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| | ATC_prefix =
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| | ATC_suffix =
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| | ATC_supplemental =
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| | PubChem = 34359
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| | DrugBank = APRD00160
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| | C=10 | H=14 | N=2 | O=4
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| | molecular_weight = 226.229 g/mol
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound = 76%
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| | metabolism = decarboxylated to dopamine in extracerebral tissues
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| | elimination_half-life = 2 hours
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| | excretion =
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| | licence_EU = <!-- EMEA requires brand name -->
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| | licence_US = Carbidopa
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| | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
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| | legal_UK = POM
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| | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration =
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| }}
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| '''Carbidopa''' (MK-486) is a [[medication|drug]] given to people with [[Parkinson's disease]] in order to inhibit peripheral [[metabolism]] of [[levodopa]].
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| Carbidopa inhibits [[aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase]] (DOPA Decarboxylase or DDC), an enzyme important in the [[biosynthesis]] of L-tryptophan to [[serotonin]] and in the biosynthesis of [[L-DOPA]] to [[Dopamine]] (DA). Along with carbidopa, other DDC inhibitors are [[benserazide]] (Ro-4-4602), difluromethyldopa, and α-methyldopa.
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| Used in tandem with L-DOPA (trade name levodopa, a dopamine precursor converted in the body to dopamine), it increases the plasma half-life of levodopa from 50 minutes to 1 1/2 hours. CarbiDOPA cannot cross the blood brain barrier, so it inhibits only peripheral DDC. It thus prevents the conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine peripherally. This reduces the side effects caused by dopamine on the periphery, as well as increasing the concentration of L-DOPA and dopamine in the brain.
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| The combination of L-DOPA and carbiDOPA carries the brand names of [[carbidopa/levodopa | Sinemet®, Parcopa® and Atamet®]]; [[Entacapone|Stalevo®]] also contains [[entacapone]], which enhances the bioavailability of carbidopa and levodopa.
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| Carbidopa is also used in combination with [[5htp|5-HTP]], a naturally-occurring amino acid which is a precursor to the neurotransmitter [[serotonin]] and an intermediate in [[tryptophan]] metabolism. Carbidopa prevents 5-HTP's metabolism in the liver, which can lead to elevated levels of serotonin in the bloodstream. Research shows that co-administration of 5-HTP and carbidopa greatly increases plasma 5-HTP levels.
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/s/Sinemettab.htm Sinemet® datasheet]
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| [[Category:Antiparkinsonian agents]]
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| {{pharma-stub}}
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| [[de:Carbidopa]]
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| [[it:Carbidopa]]
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