CD48: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{WikiDoc Cardiology Network Infobox}} +, -<references /> +{{reflist|2}}, -{{reflist}} +{{reflist|2}}))
 
m (Bot: HTTP→HTTPS (v475))
Line 1: Line 1:
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''CD48 antigen''' ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 48) also known as '''B-lymphocyte activation marker''' (BLAST-1) or '''signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2''' (SLAMF2) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the CD48 [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD48 CD48 molecule| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=962| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
CD48 is a member of the [[CD2]] subfamily of the [[immunoglobulin superfamily]] (IgSF) which includes [[signaling lymphocytic activation molecule|SLAM]] (signaling lymphocyte activation molecules) proteins, such as [[CD84]], [[CD150]], [[CD229]] and [[CD244]]. CD48 is found on the surface of [[lymphocyte]]s and other immune cells, [[dendritic cell]]s and [[endothelial cell]]s, and participates in activation and differentiation pathways in these cells.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = 
| image_source = 
| PDB =
| Name = CD48 molecule
| HGNCid = 1683
| Symbol = CD48
| AltSymbols =; BCM1; BLAST; BLAST1; MEM-102; SLAMF2; hCD48; mCD48
| OMIM = 109530
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 1347
| MGIid = 88339
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD48_204118_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048503 |text = GPI anchor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006952 |text = defense response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 962
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000117091
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001769
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001778
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 158915160
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 158948265
    | Hs_Uniprot = P09326
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12506
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000015355
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007649
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031675
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 173518684
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 173541932
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q9R1N8
  }}
}}
'''CD48''' ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 48) is a human [[protein]] encoded by the {{gene|CD48}} [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD48 CD48 molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=962| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
CD48 was the first B-cell-specific [[cellular differentiation]] [[antigen]] identified in transformed B [[lymphoblast]]s.<ref name="pmid6291768">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thorley-Lawson DA, Schooley RT, Bhan AK, Nadler LM | title = Epstein-Barr virus superinduces a new human B cell differentiation antigen (B-LAST 1) expressed on transformed lymphoblasts | journal = Cell | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 415–25 | date = September 1982 | pmid = 6291768 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90239-2 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1848579">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yokoyama S, Staunton D, Fisher R, Amiot M, Fortin JJ, Thorley-Lawson DA | title = Expression of the Blast-1 activation/adhesion molecule and its identification as CD48 | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 146 | issue = 7 | pages = 2192–200 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1848579 | doi =  }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =  
}}


==See also==
==Structure==
 
The gene for CD48 is located in [[chromosome 1]]q23 and contains 4 exons, each exon encoding one of the 4 domains of CD48: [[signal peptide]], variable (V) domain, constant 2 (C2) domain and the [[glycophosphatidylinositol]] anchor ([[GPI anchor]]).  The cDNA sequence of 1137 nucleotides encodes a 243 amino acid polypeptide of about 45 kDa.<ref name="pmid1999351"/><ref name="pmid1827826">{{cite journal | vauthors = Del Porto P, Mami-Chouaib F, Bruneau JM, Jitsukawa S, Dumas J, Harnois M, Hercend T | title = TCT.1, a target molecule for gamma/delta T cells, is encoded by an immunoglobulin superfamily gene (Blast-1) located in the CD1 region of human chromosome 1 | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 173 | issue = 6 | pages = 1339–44 | date = June 1991 | pmid = 1827826 | pmc = 2190850 | doi = 10.1084/jem.173.6.1339 }}</ref> It consists of a 26 amino acid [[signal peptide]], 194 amino acids of mature CD48 (V and C2 domains) and the C-terminal 23 amino acid segment comprising the [[GPI anchor]].<ref name="pmid3181129">{{cite journal | vauthors = Killeen N, Moessner R, Arvieux J, Willis A, Williams AF | title = The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and endothelium is in a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily with CD2, LFA-3 and carcinoembryonic antigens | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 7 | issue = 10 | pages = 3087–91 | date = October 1988 | pmid = 3181129 | pmc = 454697 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="pmid2466936">{{cite journal | vauthors = Staunton DE, Fisher RC, LeBeau MM, Lawrence JB, Barton DE, Francke U, Dustin M, Thorley-Lawson DA | title = Blast-1 possesses a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, is related to LFA-3 and OX-45, and maps to chromosome 1q21-23 | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 169 | issue = 3 | pages = 1087–99 | date = March 1989 | pmid = 2466936 | pmc = 2189294 | doi = 10.1084/jem.169.3.1087 }}</ref> The GPI linkage of CD48 to the cell surface is through serine residue 220.<ref name="pmid3181129"/><ref name="pmid2466936"/> CD48 does not have a [[transmembrane]] domain, however, but is held at the cell surface by a [[glycophosphatidylinositol|GPI]] anchor via a [[C-terminal]] domain which can be cleaved to yield a soluble form of the receptor.<ref name="entrez"/>  The CD48 protein is heavily [[glycosylated]], with five possible asparagine-linked [[glycosylation]] sites at positions 40, 44, 104, 162 and 189, respectively.<ref name="pmid6291768"/><ref name="pmid1848579"/><ref name="pmid1999351">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vaughan HA, Henning MM, Purcell DF, McKenzie IF, Sandrin MS | title = The isolation of cDNA clones for CD48 | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 113–7 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1999351 | doi = 10.1007/BF00210824 }}</ref><ref name="pmid2828034">{{cite journal | vauthors = Staunton DE, Thorley-Lawson DA | title = Molecular cloning of the lymphocyte activation marker Blast-1 | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 3695–701 | date = December 1987 | pmid = 2828034 | pmc = 553839 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="pmid10529350">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rudd PM, Wormald MR, Stanfield RL, Huang M, Mattsson N, Speir JA, DiGennaro JA, Fetrow JS, Dwek RA, Wilson IA | title = Roles for glycosylation of cell surface receptors involved in cellular immune recognition | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 293 | issue = 2 | pages = 351–66 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10529350 | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3104 }}</ref> Approximately 35-40% of the total molecular weight is attributed to the carbohydrate side chains.<ref name="pmid2828034"/><ref name="pmid10529350"/><ref name="pmid6623618">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vaughan HA, Thompson CH, Sparrow RL, McKenzie IF | title = Hu Ly-M3--a human leukocyte antigen | journal = Transplantation | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 446–50 | date = October 1983 | pmid = 6623618 | doi = 10.1097/00007890-198310000-00018 }}</ref>
 
== Interactions ==
CD48 was found to have a very low affinity for [[CD2]] with [[dissociation constant]] (<math>K_{D}</math>) < 0.5 mM.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sandrin MS, Mouhtouris E, Vaughan HA, Warren HS, Parish CR | title = CD48 is a low affinity ligand for human CD2 | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 151 | issue = 9 | pages = 4606–13 | date = November 1993 | pmid = 7691954 | doi =  }}</ref>  It was found that the preferred ligand of CD48 is [[2B4]] ([[CD244]]), which is also a member of the CD2 subfamily [[signaling lymphocytic activation molecule|SLAM]] of [[IgSF]] expressed on [[natural killer cells]] (NK cells) and other leukocytes.  The affinity of [[CD244]] for CD48 is at <math>K_{D}</math> = 8 μM which is about 5 - 10 times stronger than for CD2.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brown MH, Boles K, van der Merwe PA, Kumar V, Mathew PA, Barclay AN | title = 2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48 | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 188 | issue = 11 | pages = 2083–90 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9841922 | pmc = 2212392 | doi = 10.1084/jem.188.11.2083 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kubin MZ, Parshley DL, Din W, Waugh JY, Davis-Smith T, Smith CA, Macduff BM, Armitage RJ, Chin W, Cassiano L, Borges L, Petersen M, Trinchieri G, Goodwin RG | title = Molecular cloning and biological characterization of NK cell activation-inducing ligand, a counterstructure for CD48 | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 29 | issue = 11 | pages = 3466–77 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10556801 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199911)29:11<3466::AID-IMMU3466>3.0.CO;2-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakajima H, Colonna M | title = 2B4: an NK cell activating receptor with unique specificity and signal transduction mechanism | journal = Hum. Immunol. | volume = 61 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–43 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10658976 | doi = 10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00170-6 }}</ref>
 
== Function ==
 
=== Cell distribution ===
 
CD48 is expressed on all [[peripheral blood lymphocytes]] (PBL) including [[T cells]], [[B cells]], [[Null cell]] and [[thymocytes]].<ref name="pmid1848579"/><ref name="pmid1999351"/><ref name="pmid6623618"/><ref name="pmid2088634">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henniker AJ, Bradstock KF, Grimsley P, Atkinson MK | title = A novel non-lineage antigen on human leucocytes: characterization with two CD-48 monoclonal antibodies | journal = Dis. Markers | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 179–90 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2088634 | doi =  }}</ref> It is also found on the surface of activated T cells, [[monocytes]] and [[granulocytes]].<ref name="pmid2828034"/> Like all other [[Glycophosphatidylinositol|GPI]] anchor protein (GPI-AP), CD48 is deficient in [[erythrocytes]] (red blood cells).
 
=== T cell activation ===
 
CD48 and CD2 molecular coupling together with other interaction pairs of CD28 and CD80, TCR and peptide-MHC and LFA-1 and ICAM-1 contribute to the formation of an immunological synapse between a T cell and an [[antigen presenting cell]].<ref name="pmid10428718">{{cite journal | vauthors = Malissen B | title = Dancing the immunological two-step | journal = Science | volume = 285 | issue = 5425 | pages = 207–208 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10428718 | doi = 10.1126/science.285.5425.207 }}</ref>  CD48 interaction with CD2 has been shown to promote lipid raft formation, T cell activation and the formation of caveolae for [[macrophages]] through cell signal transductionthe via GPI moieties.<ref name="pmid10950716">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mulvey MA, Hultgren SJ | title = Cell biology. Bacterial spelunkers | journal = Science | volume = 289 | issue = 5480 | pages = 732–733 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10950716 | doi = 10.1126/science.289.5480.732 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12180852">{{cite journal | vauthors = Loertscher R, Lavery P | title = The role of glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface proteins in T-cell activation | journal = Transplant immunology | volume = 9 | issue = 2–4 | pages = 93–96 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12180852 | doi=10.1016/s0966-3274(02)00013-8}}</ref>
 
==Clinical Significance==
 
CD48 is being investigated amongst other markers in research on inflammation markers and therapies for HIV/AIDS.
 
{{Empty section|date=August 2013}}
 
== See also ==
* [[Cluster of differentiation]]
* [[Cluster of differentiation]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist | 2}}
{{Clear}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wong YW, Williams AF, Kingsmore SF, Seldin MF | title = Structure, expression, and genetic linkage of the mouse BCM1 (OX45 or Blast-1) antigen. Evidence for genetic duplication giving rise to the BCM1 region on mouse chromosome 1 and the CD2/LFA3 region on mouse chromosome 3 | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 171 | issue = 6 | pages = 2115–30 | year = 1990 | pmid = 1693656 | pmc = 2187942 | doi = 10.1084/jem.171.6.2115 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fisher RC, Thorley-Lawson DA | title = Characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus-inducible gene encoding the human leukocyte adhesion and activation antigen BLAST-1 (CD48) | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 1614–23 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1847502 | pmc = 369456 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shin JS, Abraham SN |title=Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptor-mediated bacterial endocytosis. |journal=FEMS Microbiol. Lett. |volume=197 |issue= 2 |pages= 131-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11313125 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Korínek V, Stefanová I, Angelisová P, Hilgert I, Horejsí V | title = The human leucocyte antigen CD48 (MEM-102) is closely related to the activation marker Blast-1 | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–12 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1999350 | doi = 10.1007/BF00210823 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wong YW, Williams AF, Kingsmore SF, Seldin MF |title=Structure, expression, and genetic linkage of the mouse BCM1 (OX45 or Blast-1) antigen. Evidence for genetic duplication giving rise to the BCM1 region on mouse chromosome 1 and the CD2/LFA3 region on mouse chromosome 3. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=171 |issue= 6 |pages= 2115-30 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1693656 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Garnett D, Barclay AN, Carmo AM, Beyers AD | title = The association of the protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p60fyn with the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins Thy-1 and CD48 in rat thymocytes is dependent on the state of cellular activation | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 23 | issue = 10 | pages = 2540–4 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8104794 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830231024 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Del Porto P, Mami-Chouaib F, Bruneau JM, ''et al.'' |title=TCT.1, a target molecule for gamma/delta T cells, is encoded by an immunoglobulin superfamily gene (Blast-1) located in the CD1 region of human chromosome 1. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=173 |issue= 6 |pages= 1339-44 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1827826 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–4 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fisher RC, Thorley-Lawson DA |title=Characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus-inducible gene encoding the human leukocyte adhesion and activation antigen BLAST-1 (CD48). |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 1614-23 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1847502 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Solomon KR, Rudd CE, Finberg RW | title = The association between glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits in lymphocytes | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 12 | pages = 6053–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8650218 | pmc = 39187 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.12.6053 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Korínek V, Stefanová I, Angelisová P, ''et al.'' |title=The human leucocyte antigen CD48 (MEM-102) is closely related to the activation marker Blast-1. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 108-12 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1999350 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–56 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vaughan HA, Henning MM, Purcell DF, ''et al.'' |title=The isolation of cDNA clones for CD48. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 113-7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1999351 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Smith GM, Biggs J, Norris B, Anderson-Stewart P, Ward R | title = Detection of a soluble form of the leukocyte surface antigen CD48 in plasma and its elevation in patients with lymphoid leukemias and arthritis | journal = J. Clin. Immunol. | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 502–9 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9418191 | doi = 10.1023/A:1027327912204 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Staunton DE, Thorley-Lawson DA |title=Molecular cloning of the lymphocyte activation marker Blast-1. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=6 |issue= 12 |pages= 3695-701 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2828034 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Latchman Y, McKay PF, Reiser H | title = Identification of the 2B4 molecule as a counter-receptor for CD48 | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 161 | issue = 11 | pages = 5809–12 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9834056 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Garnett D, Barclay AN, Carmo AM, Beyers AD |title=The association of the protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p60fyn with the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins Thy-1 and CD48 in rat thymocytes is dependent on the state of cellular activation. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=23 |issue= 10 |pages= 2540-4 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8104794 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakajima H, Cella M, Langen H, Friedlein A, Colonna M | title = Activating interactions in human NK cell recognition: the role of 2B4-CD48 | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 29 | issue = 5 | pages = 1676–83 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10359122 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1676::AID-IMMU1676>3.0.CO;2-Y }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Shin JS, Abraham SN | title = Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptor-mediated bacterial endocytosis. | journal = FEMS Microbiol. Lett. | volume = 197 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–8 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11313125 | doi = 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10594.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Solomon KR, Rudd CE, Finberg RW |title=The association between glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits in lymphocytes. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 12 |pages= 6053-8 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8650218 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tangye SG, Cherwinski H, Lanier LL, Phillips JH | title = 2B4-mediated activation of human natural killer cells | journal = Mol. Immunol. | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 493–501 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11163399 | doi = 10.1016/S0161-5890(00)00076-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki T, Kiyokawa N, Taguchi T, Sekino T, Katagiri YU, Fujimoto J | title = CD24 induces apoptosis in human B cells via the glycolipid-enriched membrane domains/rafts-mediated signaling system | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 166 | issue = 9 | pages = 5567–77 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11313396 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5567 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Smith GM, Biggs J, Norris B, ''et al.'' |title=Detection of a soluble form of the leukocyte surface antigen CD48 in plasma and its elevation in patients with lymphoid leukemias and arthritis. |journal=J. Clin. Immunol. |volume=17 |issue= 6 |pages= 502-9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9418191 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hawash IY, Hu XE, Adal A, Cassady JM, Geahlen RL, Harrison ML | title = The oxygen-substituted palmitic acid analogue, 13-oxypalmitic acid, inhibits Lck localization to lipid rafts and T cell signaling | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 1589 | issue = 2 | pages = 140–50 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12007789 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(02)00165-9 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Latchman Y, McKay PF, Reiser H |title=Identification of the 2B4 molecule as a counter-receptor for CD48. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=161 |issue= 11 |pages= 5809-12 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9834056 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim D, Hur DY, Kim YS, Lee K, Lee Y, Cho D, Kang JS, Kim YI, Hahm E, Yang Y, Yoon S, Kim S, Lee WB, Park HY, Kim YB, Hwang YI, Chang KY, Lee WJ | title = CM1 ligation initiates apoptosis in a caspase 8-dependent manner in Ramos cells and in a mitochondria-controlled manner in Raji cells | journal = Hum. Immunol. | volume = 63 | issue = 7 | pages = 576–87 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12072193 | doi = 10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00405-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakajima H, Cella M, Langen H, ''et al.'' |title=Activating interactions in human NK cell recognition: the role of 2B4-CD48. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=29 |issue= 5 |pages= 1676-83 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10359122 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhu B, Davies EA, van der Merwe PA, Calvert T, Leckband DE | title = Direct measurements of heterotypic adhesion between the cell surface proteins CD2 and CD48 | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 41 | issue = 40 | pages = 12163–70 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12356317 | doi = 10.1021/bi020296g }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tangye SG, Cherwinski H, Lanier LL, Phillips JH |title=2B4-mediated activation of human natural killer cells. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=37 |issue= 9 |pages= 493-501 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11163399 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wei J  |title=Expression and characterisation of recombinant human CD48 and isolation of a human anti-CD48 monoclonal antibody by phage display |journal=Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology |volume=80 |issue= 7 |pages= 782–795 |year= 2005 |pmid= |doi=10.1002/jctb.1238 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki T, Kiyokawa N, Taguchi T, ''et al.'' |title=CD24 induces apoptosis in human B cells via the glycolipid-enriched membrane domains/rafts-mediated signaling system. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=166 |issue= 9 |pages= 5567-77 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11313396 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wei J |title=Cytotoxic Activity of CD48 Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Lymphoma Cells |journal=The Open Biotechnology Journal |volume=2 |issue= |pages= 219–223 |year= 2008 |pmid= |doi=10.2174/1874070700802010219 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hawash IY, Hu XE, Adal A, ''et al.'' |title=The oxygen-substituted palmitic acid analogue, 13-oxypalmitic acid, inhibits Lck localization to lipid rafts and T cell signaling. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1589 |issue= 2 |pages= 140-50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12007789 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kim D, Hur DY, Kim YS, ''et al.'' |title=CM1 ligation initiates apoptosis in a caspase 8-dependent manner in Ramos cells and in a mitochondria-controlled manner in Raji cells. |journal=Hum. Immunol. |volume=63 |issue= 7 |pages= 576-87 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12072193 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhu B, Davies EA, van der Merwe PA, ''et al.'' |title=Direct measurements of heterotypic adhesion between the cell surface proteins CD2 and CD48. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=41 |issue= 40 |pages= 12163-70 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12356317 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|CD48+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|CD48+protein,+human}}
* {{UCSC gene info|CD48}}


{{membrane-protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 04:10, 2 November 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

CD48 antigen (Cluster of Differentiation 48) also known as B-lymphocyte activation marker (BLAST-1) or signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (SLAMF2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD48 gene.[1]

CD48 is a member of the CD2 subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) which includes SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecules) proteins, such as CD84, CD150, CD229 and CD244. CD48 is found on the surface of lymphocytes and other immune cells, dendritic cells and endothelial cells, and participates in activation and differentiation pathways in these cells.[1]

CD48 was the first B-cell-specific cellular differentiation antigen identified in transformed B lymphoblasts.[2][3]

Structure

The gene for CD48 is located in chromosome 1q23 and contains 4 exons, each exon encoding one of the 4 domains of CD48: signal peptide, variable (V) domain, constant 2 (C2) domain and the glycophosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI anchor). The cDNA sequence of 1137 nucleotides encodes a 243 amino acid polypeptide of about 45 kDa.[4][5] It consists of a 26 amino acid signal peptide, 194 amino acids of mature CD48 (V and C2 domains) and the C-terminal 23 amino acid segment comprising the GPI anchor.[6][7] The GPI linkage of CD48 to the cell surface is through serine residue 220.[6][7] CD48 does not have a transmembrane domain, however, but is held at the cell surface by a GPI anchor via a C-terminal domain which can be cleaved to yield a soluble form of the receptor.[1] The CD48 protein is heavily glycosylated, with five possible asparagine-linked glycosylation sites at positions 40, 44, 104, 162 and 189, respectively.[2][3][4][8][9] Approximately 35-40% of the total molecular weight is attributed to the carbohydrate side chains.[8][9][10]

Interactions

CD48 was found to have a very low affinity for CD2 with dissociation constant (<math>K_{D}</math>) < 0.5 mM.[11] It was found that the preferred ligand of CD48 is 2B4 (CD244), which is also a member of the CD2 subfamily SLAM of IgSF expressed on natural killer cells (NK cells) and other leukocytes. The affinity of CD244 for CD48 is at <math>K_{D}</math> = 8 μM which is about 5 - 10 times stronger than for CD2.[12][13][14]

Function

Cell distribution

CD48 is expressed on all peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) including T cells, B cells, Null cell and thymocytes.[3][4][10][15] It is also found on the surface of activated T cells, monocytes and granulocytes.[8] Like all other GPI anchor protein (GPI-AP), CD48 is deficient in erythrocytes (red blood cells).

T cell activation

CD48 and CD2 molecular coupling together with other interaction pairs of CD28 and CD80, TCR and peptide-MHC and LFA-1 and ICAM-1 contribute to the formation of an immunological synapse between a T cell and an antigen presenting cell.[16] CD48 interaction with CD2 has been shown to promote lipid raft formation, T cell activation and the formation of caveolae for macrophages through cell signal transductionthe via GPI moieties.[17][18]

Clinical Significance

CD48 is being investigated amongst other markers in research on inflammation markers and therapies for HIV/AIDS.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Entrez Gene: CD48 CD48 molecule".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thorley-Lawson DA, Schooley RT, Bhan AK, Nadler LM (September 1982). "Epstein-Barr virus superinduces a new human B cell differentiation antigen (B-LAST 1) expressed on transformed lymphoblasts". Cell. 30 (2): 415–25. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90239-2. PMID 6291768.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Yokoyama S, Staunton D, Fisher R, Amiot M, Fortin JJ, Thorley-Lawson DA (April 1991). "Expression of the Blast-1 activation/adhesion molecule and its identification as CD48". J. Immunol. 146 (7): 2192–200. PMID 1848579.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Vaughan HA, Henning MM, Purcell DF, McKenzie IF, Sandrin MS (1991). "The isolation of cDNA clones for CD48". Immunogenetics. 33 (2): 113–7. doi:10.1007/BF00210824. PMID 1999351.
  5. ↑ Del Porto P, Mami-Chouaib F, Bruneau JM, Jitsukawa S, Dumas J, Harnois M, Hercend T (June 1991). "TCT.1, a target molecule for gamma/delta T cells, is encoded by an immunoglobulin superfamily gene (Blast-1) located in the CD1 region of human chromosome 1". J. Exp. Med. 173 (6): 1339–44. doi:10.1084/jem.173.6.1339. PMC 2190850. PMID 1827826.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Killeen N, Moessner R, Arvieux J, Willis A, Williams AF (October 1988). "The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and endothelium is in a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily with CD2, LFA-3 and carcinoembryonic antigens". EMBO J. 7 (10): 3087–91. PMC 454697. PMID 3181129.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Staunton DE, Fisher RC, LeBeau MM, Lawrence JB, Barton DE, Francke U, Dustin M, Thorley-Lawson DA (March 1989). "Blast-1 possesses a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, is related to LFA-3 and OX-45, and maps to chromosome 1q21-23". J. Exp. Med. 169 (3): 1087–99. doi:10.1084/jem.169.3.1087. PMC 2189294. PMID 2466936.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Staunton DE, Thorley-Lawson DA (December 1987). "Molecular cloning of the lymphocyte activation marker Blast-1". EMBO J. 6 (12): 3695–701. PMC 553839. PMID 2828034.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rudd PM, Wormald MR, Stanfield RL, Huang M, Mattsson N, Speir JA, DiGennaro JA, Fetrow JS, Dwek RA, Wilson IA (October 1999). "Roles for glycosylation of cell surface receptors involved in cellular immune recognition". J. Mol. Biol. 293 (2): 351–66. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3104. PMID 10529350.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Vaughan HA, Thompson CH, Sparrow RL, McKenzie IF (October 1983). "Hu Ly-M3--a human leukocyte antigen". Transplantation. 36 (4): 446–50. doi:10.1097/00007890-198310000-00018. PMID 6623618.
  11. ↑ Sandrin MS, Mouhtouris E, Vaughan HA, Warren HS, Parish CR (November 1993). "CD48 is a low affinity ligand for human CD2". J. Immunol. 151 (9): 4606–13. PMID 7691954.
  12. ↑ Brown MH, Boles K, van der Merwe PA, Kumar V, Mathew PA, Barclay AN (December 1998). "2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48". J. Exp. Med. 188 (11): 2083–90. doi:10.1084/jem.188.11.2083. PMC 2212392. PMID 9841922.
  13. ↑ Kubin MZ, Parshley DL, Din W, Waugh JY, Davis-Smith T, Smith CA, Macduff BM, Armitage RJ, Chin W, Cassiano L, Borges L, Petersen M, Trinchieri G, Goodwin RG (November 1999). "Molecular cloning and biological characterization of NK cell activation-inducing ligand, a counterstructure for CD48". Eur. J. Immunol. 29 (11): 3466–77. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199911)29:11<3466::AID-IMMU3466>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 10556801.
  14. ↑ Nakajima H, Colonna M (January 2000). "2B4: an NK cell activating receptor with unique specificity and signal transduction mechanism". Hum. Immunol. 61 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00170-6. PMID 10658976.
  15. ↑ Henniker AJ, Bradstock KF, Grimsley P, Atkinson MK (1990). "A novel non-lineage antigen on human leucocytes: characterization with two CD-48 monoclonal antibodies". Dis. Markers. 8 (4): 179–90. PMID 2088634.
  16. ↑ Malissen B (1999). "Dancing the immunological two-step". Science. 285 (5425): 207–208. doi:10.1126/science.285.5425.207. PMID 10428718.
  17. ↑ Mulvey MA, Hultgren SJ (2000). "Cell biology. Bacterial spelunkers". Science. 289 (5480): 732–733. doi:10.1126/science.289.5480.732. PMID 10950716.
  18. ↑ Loertscher R, Lavery P (2002). "The role of glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface proteins in T-cell activation". Transplant immunology. 9 (2–4): 93–96. doi:10.1016/s0966-3274(02)00013-8. PMID 12180852.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=CD48&oldid=1410878"