Astrocytoma physical examination: Difference between revisions

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==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
===Appearance of the Patient===
===Appearance of the Patient===
*This section should give a general description of what a patient with the disease you are describing may look like. You may include a physical description such as obese, thin, cachectic, well appearing, ill appearing, diaphoretic etc.
* Patients are usually well appearing and can have gait disturbances


===Vitals===
===Vitals===
====Temperature====
*A [[fever]] is often present
*[[Hypothermia]] may be present
====Pulse====
====Pulse====
=====Rate=====
=====Rate=====
*[[Tachycardia]] may be present
*[[Bradycardia]] may be present
*[[Bradycardia]] may be present
=====Rhythm=====
*The pulse is regular
*The pules is irregularly irregular
=====Strength=====
*The pulse may be weak
*The pulse may be bounding
*The pulse may be alternating in strength ([[pulsus alternans]])
*A [[paradoxical pulse]] may be present
=====Symmetry=====
*The pulses may be asymmetric


====Blood Pressure====
====Blood Pressure====
*[[Hypotension]] may be present
*[[Hypotension]] may be present
*[[Hypertension]] may be present
*A [[wide pulse pressure]] may be present
*A [[narrow pulse pressure]] may be present


====Respiratory Rate====
====Respiratory Rate====
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present
*[[Bradypnea]] may be present
*[[Bradypnea]] may be present
* [[Kussmaul respirations]] may be present
 


===Skin===
===Skin===
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Jaundice]] may be present
* A rash may be present
* [[Pallor]] may be present
* Lesions may be present
* Lesions may be present


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</gallery>
</gallery>
===Head===
* Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
* There may be evidence of trauma


===Eyes===
===Eyes===
*Icteric sclera may be present
* [[Nystagmus]] may be present
* [[Nystagmus]] may be present.
* Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
* Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
*Pupils may not react to light
* Pupils may not react to light
*Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
* Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of papilledema such as swollen disc, blurry vision, venous engorgement,


===Ears===
===Ears===
* Hearing acuity may be reduced
* Hearing acuity may be reduced
*[[Weber test]] may be positive
*[[Rinne test]] may be positive
* There may be [[exudate]] from the ear canal
* There may be [[tenderness]] on movement of the pinnae
===Nose===
* Nares may be inflamed
* There may be [[epistaxis]]
* There may be [[purulent]] exudate from the nares
* There may be [[tenderness]] to percussion of the sinuses
* The nares may be congested
===Throat===
* The throat may be erythematous
* There may be [[exudate]] in the throat
* There may be [[petechiae]] seen in the throat
* There may be tonsillar inflammation


===Neck===
===Neck===
*[[Jugular venous pressure]] may be elevated
*[[Carotid bruits]] may be present
*[[Lymph nodes]] may be present
*[[Lymph nodes]] may be present
*[[Thyromegaly]] may be present
*[[Hepatojugular reflux]] may be present
===Lungs===
*[[Pulmonary edema]] and [[rales]] may be present
*[[Wheezing]] may be present
*Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
*[[Rales]] may be present
*[[Egophony]] may be present
* Chest movement may be assymetric
===Heart===
*A [[heave]] may be present
*A [[thrill]] may be present
*A [[friction rub]] may be pressent
====Auscultation====
*[[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1, the "lub"(components M1 and T1)|S1]]
*[[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the "dub"(components A2 and P2)|S2]]
*[[Heart sounds#Third heart sound S3|S3]]
*[[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]]
*[[Heart sounds#Summation Gallop|Gallops]]
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the base may be present
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the apex may be present
*A [[diastolic murmur]] may be present
===Abdomen===
*[[Abdominal distention]] may be present
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] may be present
*[[Rebound tenderness]] may be present
*An [[acute abdomen]] may be present
*An abdominal mass may be present
*Guarding may be present
*[[Hepatomegaly]] may be present
*[[Splenomegaly]] may be present
*Genitourinary exam if relevant
===Extremities===
*[[Clubbing]] may be present
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Edema]] may be present


===Neurologic===
===Neurologic===
* Mental status may be altered
* Mental status may be normal. Patient is alert, concious and oriented.
* Glasgow coma scale is ___
* Trunkal ataxia may be present
* Clonus may be present
* Hyperactive reflexes may be present
* Hyperactive reflexes may be present
* There are deficits in cranial nerves ___
* Abducens nerve palsy
==References==
==References==


Revision as of 16:15, 23 August 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients are usually well appearing and can have gait disturbances

Vitals

Pulse

Rate

Blood Pressure

Respiratory Rate


Skin

  • Lesions may be present

Eyes

  • Nystagmus may be present
  • Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
  • Pupils may not react to light
  • Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of papilledema such as swollen disc, blurry vision, venous engorgement,

Ears

  • Hearing acuity may be reduced

Neck

Neurologic

  • Mental status may be normal. Patient is alert, concious and oriented.
  • Trunkal ataxia may be present
  • Hyperactive reflexes may be present
  • Abducens nerve palsy

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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