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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}
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==Overview==
==[[Aspergillosis overview|Overview]]==
'''''Aspergillosis''''' is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by the [[genus]] of [[fungi]] ''[[Aspergillus]]''. The most common forms are [[allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], pulmonary [[aspergilloma]] and invasive aspergillosis. Compromised [[immune system]]s often allow ''Aspergillus'' to colonize.


==Diagnosis==
==[[Aspergillosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
On [[chest X-ray]] and [[computed tomography]] pulmonary aspergillosis classically manifests as an [[air crescent sign]].<!--
 
  --><ref>{{cite journal | author = Curtis A, Smith G, Ravin C | title = Air crescent sign of invasive aspergillosis. | journal = Radiology | volume = 133 | issue = 1 | pages = 17-21 | year = 1979 | month = Oct | id = PMID 472287 | url=http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/133/1/17?ijkey=657da61e6546d66bd27550542bc4d25be2efe638&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha}}</ref>
==[[Aspergillosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Aspergillosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
 
==[[Aspergillosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Treatment==
==[[Aspergillosis screening|Screening]]==
The drugs [[amphotericin B]], [[caspofungin]], [[flucytosine]], [[itraconazole]], [[voriconazole]] <!--and posakonazole
  --><ref>{{cite journal | author = Herbrecht R, Denning D, Patterson T, Bennett J, Greene R, Oestmann J, Kern W, Marr K, Ribaud P, Lortholary O, Sylvester R, Rubin R, Wingard J, Stark P, Durand C, Caillot D, Thiel E, Chandrasekar P, Hodges M, Schlamm H, Troke P, de Pauw B; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. | title = Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 347 | issue = 6 | pages = 408-15 | year = 2002 | month = Aug 8 | id = PMID 12167683}}</ref>
are used to treat this [[fungal infection]].


==Notable Outbreaks==
==[[Aspergillosis causes|Causes]]==


'''''Aspergillosis''''' has been the culprit in several recent rapid die-offs among waterfowl.  From December 8-14, 2006 over 2,000 Mallards died in the Burley, Idaho area, an agricultural community approximately 150 miles southeast of Boise.  Moldy waste grain from the farmland and feedlots in the area is the suspected source.  A similar aspergillosis outbreak killed 500 mallards in Iowa in 2005.  Moldy grain was the cause in that case.
==[[Aspergillosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Aspergillosis]]==


Mallards and other ducks are particularly susceptible to '''''Aspergillosis''''' as they will often resort to poor food sources during bad weather.
==[[Aspergillosis natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


Albeit relatively rare in humans, aspergillosis is a common and dangerous infection in birds, particularly in pet parrots and parakeets.
==Diagnosis==
[[Aspergillosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Aspergillosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Aspergillosis laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Aspergillosis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Aspergillosis chest x ray|X Rays]] | [[Aspergillosis CT|CT]] | [[Aspergillosis MRI|MRI]] | [[Aspergillosis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Aspergillosis other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Aspergillosis other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]


While there is no connection between '''''Aspergillosis''''' and the H5N1 strain of [[Avian Influenza]] (commonly called "[[Avian flu|bird flu]]"), the rapid die-offs it causes can spark fears of a [[bird-flu]] outbreak in the communities where the die-offs occur.  There is no outwardly visible sign off the fungal infection as the cause; laboratory analysis is the only way to prove or disprove [[bird-flu]] or '''''Aspergillosis'''''.
==Treatment==
[[Aspergillosis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Aspergillosis surgical therapy|Surgical therapy]] | [[Aspergillosis prevention|Prevention]] | [[Aspergillosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Aspergillosis future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]


==Case Studies==
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==References==
==References==
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Revision as of 16:23, 26 January 2012

Aspergillosis
Histopathologic image of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in a patient with interstitial pneumonia. Autopsy material. Grocott's methenamine silver stain.
ICD-10 B44
ICD-9 117.3
MedlinePlus 001326
MeSH D001228

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