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{{Infobox_Disease |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
{{About1|Aspergillus}}
  Image          = Pulmonary aspergillosis (1) invasive type.jpg |
  Caption        = Histopathologic image of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in a patient with interstitial pneumonia. Autopsy material. Grocott's methenamine silver stain. |
  DiseasesDB    = |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|44||b|35}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|117.3}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 001326 |
  eMedicineSubj  = med |
  eMedicineTopic = 174 |
  MeshID        = D001228 |
}}
{{SI}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Aspergillosis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{HL}}; {{YD}}; {{SSK}}<br>
{{SK}} Aspergillus infection; Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; ABPA; Allergic ''Aspergillus'' sinusitis; Allergic ''Aspergillus'' rhinosinusitis; Aspergilloma; Fungus ball; Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis; CCPA; Chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis; CCFA; Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis; CNPA; Invasive aspergillosis; Cutaneous aspergillosis; Aspergillose; Pseudotuberculosis; Brooder pneumonia; Asper mycosis; Mycotic pneumonia


{{CMG}}
<font color="#777777">
==[[Aspergillosis overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Aspergillosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
'''''Aspergillosis''''' is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by the [[genus]] of [[fungi]] ''[[Aspergillus]]''. The most common forms are [[allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], pulmonary [[aspergilloma]] and invasive aspergillosis. Compromised [[immune system]]s often allow ''Aspergillus'' to colonize.


==Symptoms==
==[[Aspergillosis classification|Classification]]==
A fungus ball in the lungs may cause no symptoms and may be discovered only with a chest x-ray. Or it may cause repeated coughing up of blood and—rarely—severe, even fatal, bleeding. A rapidly invasive Aspergillus infection in the lungs often causes cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.


Aspergillosis affecting the deeper tissues makes a person very ill. Symptoms include fever, chills, shock, delirium, and blood clots. The person may develop kidney failure, liver failure (causing jaundice), and breathing difficulties. Death can occur quickly.
==[[Aspergillosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Aspergillosis of the ear canal causes itching and occasionally pain. Fluid draining overnight from the ear may leave a stain on the pillow. Aspergillosis of the sinuses causes a feeling of congestion and sometimes pain or discharge.
==[[Aspergillosis causes|Causes]]==


In addition to the symptoms, an x-ray or computerised tomography (CT) scan of the infected area provides clues for making the diagnosis. Whenever possible, a doctor sends a sample of infected material to a laboratory to confirm identification of the fungus.
==[[Aspergillosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Aspergillosis from other Diseases]]==


==Diagnosis==
==[[Aspergillosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
On [[chest X-ray]] and [[computed tomography]] pulmonary aspergillosis classically manifests as an [[air crescent sign]].<!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal | author = Curtis A, Smith G, Ravin C | title = Air crescent sign of invasive aspergillosis. | journal = Radiology | volume = 133 | issue = 1 | pages = 17-21 | year = 1979 | month = Oct | id = PMID 472287 | url=http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/abstract/133/1/17?ijkey=657da61e6546d66bd27550542bc4d25be2efe638&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha}}</ref>


==Treatment==
==[[Aspergillosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
The drugs [[amphotericin B]], [[caspofungin]], [[flucytosine]], [[itraconazole]], [[voriconazole]] <!--and posakonazole
  --><ref>{{cite journal | author = Herbrecht R, Denning D, Patterson T, Bennett J, Greene R, Oestmann J, Kern W, Marr K, Ribaud P, Lortholary O, Sylvester R, Rubin R, Wingard J, Stark P, Durand C, Caillot D, Thiel E, Chandrasekar P, Hodges M, Schlamm H, Troke P, de Pauw B; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. | title = Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 347 | issue = 6 | pages = 408-15 | year = 2002 | month = Aug 8 | id = PMID 12167683}}</ref>
are used to treat this [[fungal infection]].


==Notable Outbreaks==
==[[Aspergillosis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


'''''Aspergillosis''''' has been the culprit in several recent rapid die-offs among waterfowl.  From December 8-14, 2006 over 2,000 Mallards died in the Burley, Idaho area, an agricultural community approximately 150 miles southeast of Boise.  Moldy waste grain from the farmland and feedlots in the area is the suspected source.  A similar aspergillosis outbreak killed 500 mallards in Iowa in 2005.  Moldy grain was the cause in that case.
==Diagnosis==
[[Aspergillosis diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Aspergillosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Aspergillosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Aspergillosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Aspergillosis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Aspergillosis CT|CT]] | [[Aspergillosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


Mallards and other ducks are particularly susceptible to '''''Aspergillosis''''' as they will often resort to poor food sources during bad weather.
==Treatment==
[[Aspergillosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Aspergillosis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Aspergillosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Aspergillosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


Albeit relatively rare in humans, aspergillosis is a common and dangerous infection in birds, particularly in pet parrots and parakeets.
==Case Studies==
 
[[Aspergillosis case study one|Case #1]]
While there is no connection between '''''Aspergillosis''''' and the H5N1 strain of [[Avian Influenza]] (commonly called "[[Avian flu|bird flu]]"), the rapid die-offs it causes can spark fears of a [[bird-flu]] outbreak in the communities where the die-offs occur.  There is no outwardly visible sign off the fungal infection as the cause; laboratory analysis is the only way to prove or disprove [[bird-flu]] or '''''Aspergillosis'''''.
 
==References==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
 
==External links==
*[http://www.aspergillus.org.uk/ Aspergillus] - aspergillus.org.uk
*[http://www.doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/aspergillus/aspergillosis.htm Aspergillosis] -doctorfungus.org
*[http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/ USGS National Wildlife Health Center] - www.nwhc.usgs.gov
 
{{Mycoses}}
{{SIB}}


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[[Category:Overview complete]]
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Latest revision as of 16:44, 18 September 2017

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Aspergillus.

For patient information click here

Aspergillosis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aspergillosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Synonyms and keywords: Aspergillus infection; Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; ABPA; Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis; Allergic Aspergillus rhinosinusitis; Aspergilloma; Fungus ball; Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis; CCPA; Chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis; CCFA; Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis; CNPA; Invasive aspergillosis; Cutaneous aspergillosis; Aspergillose; Pseudotuberculosis; Brooder pneumonia; Asper mycosis; Mycotic pneumonia

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aspergillosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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