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==Overview==
==[[Anovulation overview|Overview]]==


'''Anovulation''' is absence of [[ovulation]] when it would be normally expected (in a post-[[menarche|menarchal]], premenopausal woman). Anovulation can result from a variety of factors:
==[[Anovulation historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
*Taking birth control pills
*[[Stress (medicine)|Stress]], new environment
*Chronic mental illness, such as [[clinical depression|depression]]
*Chronic physical illness, such as [[inflammatory bowel disease]], poorly controlled [[diabetes]], [[tuberculosis]], or [[anemia]]
*Undernutrition, specific nutrient deficiencies, inadequate body fat
*Prolonged or continuous physical exertion
*Various pharmaceutical (especially [[phenothiazines]]) and recreational drugs
*Hormone imbalances, such as [[prolactin]] or [[testosterone]] excess (e.g., [[polycystic ovary syndrome]]), [[hyperthyroidism|hyper]]- or [[hypothyroidism]], [[adrenal insufficiency]] or [[Cushing's syndrome]].
*[[Pituitary failure]] or [[ovarian failure]]. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne.  Differential Diagnosis Pocket.  Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref>


Some anovulatory women may have two or more contributing conditions. Anovulation can generally be reversed by ameliorating the causal factors (except in cases of permanent pituitary or ovarian failure).
==[[Anovulation classification|Classification]]==


For most women, alteration of [[menstrual cycle|menstrual periods]] is the principal indication of chronic anovulation. Ovulatory menstrual periods tend to be regular and predictable in terms of cycle length, duration and heaviness of bleeding, and other symptoms. Ovulatory periods are often accompanied by midcycle symptoms such as [[mittelschmerz]] or premenstrual symptoms. In contrast, anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding ([[dysfunctional uterine bleeding]]). [[Mittelschmerz]] and premenstrual symptoms tend to be absent or reduced when a woman is anovulatory.
==[[Anovulation pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Chronic anovulation is a common cause of [[infertility]].
==[[Anovulation causes|Causes]]==


In addition to the alteration of menstrual periods and infertility, chronic anovulation can cause or exacerbate other long term problems, such as [[androgen|hyperandrogenism]] or [[osteoporosis|osteopenia]]. It plays a central role in the multiple imbalances and dysfunctions of [[polycystic ovary syndrome]].
==[[Anovulation epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


== References ==
==[[Anovulation risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==[[Anovulation screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Anovulation differential diagnosis|Differentiating Anovulation from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Anovulation natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
[[Anovulation history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Anovulation physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Anovulation laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Anovulation x ray|X Ray]] | [[Anovulation CT|CT]] | [[Anovulation MRI|MRI]] | [[Anovulation ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Anovulation other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Anovulation other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Anovulation medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Anovulation primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Anovulation secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Anovulation cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Anovulation future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Anovulation case study one|Case#1]]


{{Diseases of the pelvis, genitals and breasts}}
{{Diseases of the pelvis, genitals and breasts}}

Latest revision as of 14:38, 20 September 2012

Anovulation
ICD-10 N97.0
ICD-9 628.0
MeSH D000858

Anovulation Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Anovulation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

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Primary Prevention

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Differentiating Anovulation from other Diseases

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

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