Anaphylaxis resident survival guide

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]


Definition

An acute, severe, potentially life threatening type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, following repeated exposure to an allergen to which an individual is already sensitised.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

  • Food, (Peanuts Tree nuts (walnuts, pecans, pistachios, filberts, cashews, almonds, etc.)
  • Shellfish (crab, crayfish, prawns, shrimp, lobster, etc.)
  • Proteins in Fish Milk, Soyabean, Wheat, Eggs
  • Medications(Penicillin, Sulfa antibiotics, Allopurinol, IV contrast material )
  • Insect venom (including bees, wasps, ants )
  • Latex.

Diagnostic Criteria

It is diagnosed with meeting one of the following criteria:[1] ♦ Acute onset of a reaction (mins to hours) involving skin, mucous membrane or both. Additionally including atleast one of the following:

  • Respiratory compromise or
  • Cardiovascular compromise/Evidence of end organ dysfunction.

♦ 2 or more of the following in a patient known to come in contact with an established allergen:

  • Skin/mucosal tissue involvement
  • Respiratory compromise
  • Reduced blood pressure
  • Gastrointestinal manifestations

♦ Reduced blood pressure after exposure to a known allergen.

Management

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to [[disease name]].

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. Sampson, HA.; Muñoz-Furlong, A.; Campbell, RL.; Adkinson, NF.; Bock, SA.; Branum, A.; Brown, SG.; Camargo, CA.; Cydulka, R. (2006). "Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report--Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 117 (2): 391–7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1303. PMID 16461139. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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