Anaphylaxis resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki>. | Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki>. | ||
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}} | {{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=Characterize the symptoms }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 45 em; width: 45em ">Characterize the symptoms & signs: <br> Skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucosa: <br> Flushing, itching, urticaria, angioedema, rash, piloerection <br> Periorbital itching, erythema and edema; conjunctival erythema, tearing <br> Respiratory: <br> Nasal itching, congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing <br> Throat itching and tightness, dysphonia, hoarseness, stridor, dry staccato cough <br> Tachypnea, dyspnea,chest tightness, wheezing/bronchospasm <br> Cyanosis <br> Respiratory arrest <br> Gastrointenstinal: <br> Pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea <br> Cardiovascular: <br> Chest pain, tachycardia, palpitations <br> Hypotension, feeling faint <br> shock <br> Cardiac arrest <br> Central nervous system: Anxiety, irritability, throbbing headache, altered vision and mental status </div>}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} | {{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | |B01=Examine the patient }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | |B01=Examine the patient }} | ||
Revision as of 20:23, 15 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]
Definition
An acute, severe, potentially life threatening type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, following repeated exposure to an allergen to which an individual is already sensitised.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Any of the factors precipitating anaphylaxis can be life threatening.
- Food: Peanuts, Tree nuts, walnuts, pecans, milk, soyabean, wheat, eggs, pistachios, filberts, cashews, almonds, etc.
- Shellfish: crab, crayfish, prawns, shrimp, lobster, etc.
- Medications: Penicillin, Sulfa antibiotics, Allopurinol, and many other drugs
- Diagnostic materials: IV contrast material and dyes
- Insect venom: including bees, wasps, ants
- Natural rubber latex
- Idiopathic/ Coital anaphylaxis
Diagnostic Criteria
It is diagnosed with one of the following criteria:[1]
♦ Acute onset of a reaction (mins to hours) involving skin, mucous membrane or both. Additionally including atleast one of the following:
- Respiratory compromise or
- Cardiovascular compromise/Evidence of end organ dysfunction.
♦ 2 or more of the following in a patient known to come in contact with an established allergen:
- Skin/mucosal tissue involvement
- Respiratory compromise
- Reduced blood pressure
- Gastrointestinal manifestations
♦ Reduced blood pressure after exposure to a known allergen.
Management
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to [[disease name]].
Characterize the symptoms & signs: Skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucosa: Flushing, itching, urticaria, angioedema, rash, piloerection Periorbital itching, erythema and edema; conjunctival erythema, tearing Respiratory: Nasal itching, congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing Throat itching and tightness, dysphonia, hoarseness, stridor, dry staccato cough Tachypnea, dyspnea,chest tightness, wheezing/bronchospasm Cyanosis Respiratory arrest Gastrointenstinal: Pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Cardiovascular: Chest pain, tachycardia, palpitations Hypotension, feeling faint shock Cardiac arrest Central nervous system: Anxiety, irritability, throbbing headache, altered vision and mental status | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Examine the patient | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Sampson, HA.; Muñoz-Furlong, A.; Campbell, RL.; Adkinson, NF.; Bock, SA.; Branum, A.; Brown, SG.; Camargo, CA.; Cydulka, R. (2006). "Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report--Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 117 (2): 391–7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1303. PMID 16461139. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)