Allergic conjunctivitis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Allergic conjunctivitis}}
{{Allergic conjunctivitis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
The cause of allergic conjunctivitis is an [[allergic]] reaction of the body's immune system to an [[allergen]]. Allergic conjunctivitis is common in people who have other signs of allergic disease such as hay fever, asthma and eczema.<ref name="NetDoc">{{cite web|url=http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/conjunctivitis.htm |title=Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye) |publisher=netdoctor.co.uk |accessdate=2010-04-06| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100415200539/http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/conjunctivitis.htm| archivedate= 15 April 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
[[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] can be attributed to a variety of causative agents, both natural and artificial.


Among the most common allergens that cause conjunctivitis are:
==Causes==
* [[Pollen]] from trees, grass and ragweed
===Seasonal [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]]<ref name="pmid23998237">{{cite journal| author=Bielory L, Meltzer EO, Nichols KK, Melton R, Thomas RK, Bartlett JD| title=An algorithm for the management of allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2013 | volume= 34 | issue= 5 | pages= 408-20 | pmid=23998237 | doi=10.2500/aap.2013.34.3695 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23998237  }} </ref>===
* Animal skin and secretions such as [[saliva]]
Transitory allergens:
* [[Perfumes]]
* Tree pollen
* [[Cosmetics]]
* Grass pollen
* Skin medicines
===Perennial [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]]<ref name="pmid23998237">{{cite journal| author=Bielory L, Meltzer EO, Nichols KK, Melton R, Thomas RK, Bartlett JD| title=An algorithm for the management of allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2013 | volume= 34 | issue= 5 | pages= 408-20 | pmid=23998237 | doi=10.2500/aap.2013.34.3695 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23998237  }} </ref>===
* [[Air pollution]]
Indoor [[allergens]]
* [[Smoke]]<ref name="FD">{{cite web|url=http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/allergies/basics/678.html|title=Allergic Conjunctivitis |publisher=familydoctor.org |accessdate=2010-04-06}}</ref>
* House dust mites
* [[Dust mites]]
* Animal dander
* Eye drops<ref name="MedNews">{{cite web|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157692.php |title=What Is Allergic Conjunctivitis? What Causes Allergic Conjunctivitis? |publisher=medicalnewstoday.com |accessdate=2010-04-06}}</ref>
* [[Mold]] [[spores]]
*Cockroach
*Rodents
The smaller [[allergens]], being more easily volatile, are more potent.
===[[Atopic]] [[keratoconjunctivitis]]<ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S | display-authors=etal| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue=  | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516  }} </ref>===
There is usually a history of [[asthma]], [[systemic]] [[atopic]] [[disease]] or [[eczema]]. It is perennial in nature with worsening in the winter months.
===[[Vernal]] [[keratoconjunctivitis]]===
The [[incidence]] peaks during spring when exposure to tree grass pollens increases<ref name="pmid9924312">{{cite journal| author=McGill JI, Holgate ST, Church MK, Anderson DF, Bacon A| title=Allergic eye disease mechanisms. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 1203-14 | pmid=9924312 | doi=10.1136/bjo.82.10.1203 | pmc=1722368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9924312  }} </ref>.
===Giant [[papillary]] [[conjunctivitis]]===
It is predominantly [[iatrogenic]], triggered by foreign bodies in the [[eye]] such as contact lenses, prostheses, or protruding corneal sutures, all of which may precipitate and perpetuate an [[inflammatory]] response<ref name="pmid868969">{{cite journal| author=Allansmith MR, Korb DR, Greiner JV, Henriquez AS, Simon MA, Finnemore VM| title=Giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1977 | volume= 83 | issue= 5 | pages= 697-708 | pmid=868969 | doi=10.1016/0002-9394(77)90137-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=868969  }} </ref>.
===Contact [[hypersensitivity]]===
This is usually precipitated by exposure to an [[iatrogenic]] [[allergen]], such as eye cosmetics or ocular [[therapeutic]] preparations, whose withdrawal leads to [[clinical]] improvement<ref name="pmid7904178">{{cite journal| author=O'Donnell BF, Foulds IS| title=Contact allergic dermatitis and contact urticaria due to topical ophthalmic preparations. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 1993 | volume= 77 | issue= 11 | pages= 740-1 | pmid=7904178 | doi=10.1136/bjo.77.11.740 | pmc=504637 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7904178  }} </ref>.


Most cases of seasonal conjunctivitis are due to [[pollen]] and occur in the hay fever season, grass pollens in early summer and various other pollens and [[moulds]] may cause symptoms later in the summer.<ref name="PatUK">{{cite web|url=http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Allergic-Conjunctivitis.htm |title=What is conjunctivitis? |publisher=patient.co.uk|accessdate=2010-04-06| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100430232351/http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Allergic-Conjunctivitis.htm| archivedate= 30 April 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Perennial conjunctivitis is commonly due to an allergy to house dust mite (a tiny insect-like creature that lives in every home).
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a very rare condition that is mainly caused by an allergic reaction to "[[debris]]". Surgery may also cause this type of allergic conjunctivitis.
Contact dermatoconjunctivitis is caused by the rest of the allergens that conjunctiva may come into contact with: cosmetics, medications and so on.
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 09:09, 21 August 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]

Overview

Allergic conjunctivitis can be attributed to a variety of causative agents, both natural and artificial.

Causes

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis[1]

Transitory allergens:

  • Tree pollen
  • Grass pollen

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis[1]

Indoor allergens

  • House dust mites
  • Animal dander
  • Mold spores
  • Cockroach
  • Rodents

The smaller allergens, being more easily volatile, are more potent.

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis[2]

There is usually a history of asthma, systemic atopic disease or eczema. It is perennial in nature with worsening in the winter months.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

The incidence peaks during spring when exposure to tree grass pollens increases[3].

Giant papillary conjunctivitis

It is predominantly iatrogenic, triggered by foreign bodies in the eye such as contact lenses, prostheses, or protruding corneal sutures, all of which may precipitate and perpetuate an inflammatory response[4].

Contact hypersensitivity

This is usually precipitated by exposure to an iatrogenic allergen, such as eye cosmetics or ocular therapeutic preparations, whose withdrawal leads to clinical improvement[5].

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Bielory L, Meltzer EO, Nichols KK, Melton R, Thomas RK, Bartlett JD (2013). "An algorithm for the management of allergic conjunctivitis". Allergy Asthma Proc. 34 (5): 408–20. doi:10.2500/aap.2013.34.3695. PMID 23998237.
  2. La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S; et al. (2013). "Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature". Ital J Pediatr. 39: 18. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMC 3640929. PMID 23497516.
  3. McGill JI, Holgate ST, Church MK, Anderson DF, Bacon A (1998). "Allergic eye disease mechanisms". Br J Ophthalmol. 82 (10): 1203–14. doi:10.1136/bjo.82.10.1203. PMC 1722368. PMID 9924312.
  4. Allansmith MR, Korb DR, Greiner JV, Henriquez AS, Simon MA, Finnemore VM (1977). "Giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers". Am J Ophthalmol. 83 (5): 697–708. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(77)90137-4. PMID 868969.
  5. O'Donnell BF, Foulds IS (1993). "Contact allergic dermatitis and contact urticaria due to topical ophthalmic preparations". Br J Ophthalmol. 77 (11): 740–1. doi:10.1136/bjo.77.11.740. PMC 504637. PMID 7904178.

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