]> 2026-07-31T12:14:24+00:00 WBR0982 0 en Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion from lactate to pyruvate. Alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the deficiency of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. Patients with MSUD often appear normal at birth. However, plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) gradually increase, and the disease typically manifests during the 2nd or 3rd day of birth. Manifestations include irritability, poor feeding, convulsions, lethargy, opisthotonus, and a distinctive honey-like/burnt sugar urine odor. Patients may also exhibit stereotyped movements referred to as fencing or bicycling. If left untreated, patients die by the 10th day of birth from ketoacidosis and respiratory failure. The diagnosis of MSUD is confirmed by elevated urinary concentrations of branched-chain amino acid, hydroxyacid, and keto acid. In USA, newborn screening for MSUD is necessary for early treatment and prevention of complications. Management of MSUD involves thiamine supplementation (thiamine is a cofactor for alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase) and dietary restrictions, where patients are advised to avoid foods with branched-chain amino acids.<br/> '''Educational Objective:''' Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the deficiency of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. Patients with MSUD often appear normal at birth. However, plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) gradually increases, and patients initially manifest the disease during the 2nd or 3rd day or birth. The disease typically manifests with irritability, poor feeding, convulsions, lethargy, opisthotonus, and a distinctive honey-like/burnt sugar urine odor. Patients may exhibit stereotyped movements referred to as fencing or bicycling.<br/> '''References:''' Strauss KA, Puffenberger EG, Morton DH. Maple Syrup Urine Disease. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, et al., editors. GeneReviews®. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 2006. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1319/<br> First Aid 2014 page 112 Biochemistry A 4-day-old newborn is brought to the emergency department (ED) for convulsions. The mother states that her baby is a product of an uneventful vaginal delivery, and his neonatal course prior to presentation was normal. She delivered the baby in a rural village abroad and returned to the United States only one day ago. She received all her prenatal vitamins and had regular follow-ups with her obstetrician during pregnancy. In the ED, the patient's vital signs are normal, and on physical examination, he appears lethargic and exhibits a stereotyped bicycling movement. The physician notes a distinctive honey-like odor of his diapers. Deficiency of which of the following enzymes is responsible for this patient's condition? C General Principles 2020-10-28T02:16:34Z 2459150.594838 WBR0982