Chikungunya epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Epidemiology
Chikungunya was first described in Tanzania, Africa in 1952. The first outbreak in India was in 1963 in Kolkata(Calcutta).[1] An outbreak of chikungunya was also discovered in Port Klang in Malaysia in 1999 affecting 27 people [2] [3]. There was an outbreak in Italy late 2007, with 160 cases.
Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in 2005-2006, 200 deaths were associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and a widespread outbreak in India, primarily in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. After flood and heavy rains in Rajasthan, India in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and in the neighbouring country of Sri Lanka. In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of Alapuzha, primarily in Cherthala. In December 2006, an outbreak of 3,500 confirmed cases occurred in Maldives, and over 60,000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths. [4]. In October 2006 more than a dozen cases of Chikungunya were reported in Pakistan. A recent outbreak of the disease during June 2007 in Pathanamthitta, Kottayam and Alappuzha districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya.[citation needed]. The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases [5] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus which are fatal have been identified on Réunion. [6]. In August/September 2007 some 160 people were infected in Italy's northern Ravenna region, resulting in one fatality.
References
- ↑ "Chikungunya-History". Retrieved 2007-05-20.
- ↑ BBC: Mosquito virus arrives in Europe, 6 September 2007