Rubella primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Prevention
Rubella infections are prevented by active immunization programs using live, disabled virus vaccines. Two live attenuated virus vaccines, RA 27/3 and Cendehill strains, were effective in the prevention of adult disease. However their use in prepubertile females did not produce a significant fall in the overall incidence rate of CRS in the UK. Reductions were only achieved by immunisation of all children.
The vaccine is now given as part of the MMR vaccine. The WHO recommends the first dose is given at 12 to 18 months of age with a second dose at 36 months. Pregnant women are usually tested for immunity to rubella early on. Women found to be susceptible are not vaccinated until after the baby is born because the vaccine contains live virus.[1]
The immunization program has been quite successful with Cuba declaring the disease eliminated in the 1990s. In 2004 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that both the congenital and acquired forms of rubella had been eliminated from the United States.[2][3]
References
- ↑ Watson JC, Hadler SC, Dykewicz CA, Reef S, Phillips L (1998). "Measles, mumps, and rubella--vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)". MMWR Recomm Rep. 47 (RR-8): 1–57. PMID 9639369.
- ↑ Dayan GH, Castillo-Solórzano C, Nava M; et al. (2006). "Efforts at rubella elimination in the United States: the impact of hemispheric rubella control". Clin. Infect. Dis. 43 Suppl 3: S158–63. doi:10.1086/505949. PMID 16998776.
- ↑ "Elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--United States, 1969-2004". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 54 (11): 279–82. 2005. PMID 15788995.