Hypermagnesemia

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Hypermagnesemia
Magnesium
ICD-10 E83.4
ICD-9 275.2
DiseasesDB 6259
eMedicine med/3383  emerg/262 ped/1080

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Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of magnesium in the blood. Usually this results in excess of magnesium in the body.

Hypermagnesemia occurs rarely because the kidney is very effective in excreting excess magnesium. It usually develops only in people with kidney failure who are given magnesium salts or who take drugs that contain magnesium (e.g. some antacids and laxatives). It is usually concurrent with hypercalcemia and/or hyperkalemia.

Metabolism

For a detailed description of magnesium homeostasis and metabolism see hypomagnesemia.

Symptoms

Clinical consequences related to serumconcentration:

Causes

Since magnesium is excreted through the kidneys, renal failure can result in hypermagnesemia. The most important cause however is suppletion.

Predisposing conditions

Therapy

Prevention of hypermagnesemia usually is possible. In mild cases, withdrawing magnesium suppletion is often sufficient. In more severe cases the following treatments are used:

Definitive treatment of hypermagnesemia requires increasing renal magnesium excretion through:

  • Intravenous diuretics, in the presence of normal renal function
  • Dialysis, when kidney function is impaired and the patient is symptomatic from hypermagnesemia

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