Differentiating Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis from other diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ;AE Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]

Differentiating Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis from other Diseases

Antigen	NMDA receptor NR1	Lgil	CASPR2	AMPA receptor	GABA B receptor	Glycine receptor	MgluR5
Age(median)/gender female : male	0·6–85 (21) 4:1	30–80 (60) 1:2	46–77 (60) 1:4	38–87 (60) 9:1	24–75 (62) 1:1	5–69 (43) 6:5	46, 15 1:1
Clinical syndrome	1.Prodromal Syndrome 2. Psychiatric Syndrome, seizures, amnesia 3.Movement disorders catatonia, autonomic instability,	Limbic encephalitis, tonic or facio-brachial dystonic seizures, myoclonus	Morvan Syndrome, encephalitis, neuromyotonia	Limbic encephalitis, psychiatric syndrome	Limbic encephalitis	Encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, hyperekplexia, stiff-person syndrome, (retinopathy)	Limbic encephalitis, myoclonus
MRI T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, medial temporal	25%	80%	40%	90%	70%	10%	50%
CSF pleocytosis or Oligoclonal Bands	95%	40%	25%	90%	90%	some oligoclonal bands	2/2 only cases reported and present in them

ocb: oligoclonal bands; EEG: electroencephalograph; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol-propionic acid; GABA: γ-amino-butyric acid receptor; CASPR2: contactin-associated protein-like 2; Lgi1: leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1; mGluR5: metabotrophic glutamate receptor 5.