Sandbox: Ifeoma
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||
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Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||
Imaging | |||||||||||
Exertional dyspnea | Failure to thrive | Recurrent respiratory infections | Murmur on auscultation | Peripheral edema | Clubbing | Echocardiography | Chest x-ray | Cardiac CT | |||
Patent foramen ovale | − | − | − | − | − | − |
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Non specific | − |
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Atrial septal defect | +/− | +/− | +/− (Right heart failure) |
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Ventricular septal defect | -/+ | -/+ | After Eisenmenger syndrome |
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-/+ | -/+ |
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Diseases | Exertional dyspnea | Failure to thrive | Recurrent respiratory infections | Murmur on auscultation | Peripheral edema | Clubbing | Echocardiography | Chest x-ray | Cardiac CT | Gold standard | Additional findings |
Patent ductus arteriosus |
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- |
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- | May be present by progressing |
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Coarctation of the aorta | |||||||||||
Aortic stenosis | |||||||||||
Pulmonary stenosis |
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- | - |
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- | -/+ |
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Diseases | Pathophysiology | Shunt | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Echocardiography findings | Physical examination | Treatment | Complications |
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Patent foramen ovale |
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Atrial septal defect |
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Pulmonary ateriovenous fistula |
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- Patent foramen ovale may be classified anatomically according to the shape of the tunnel using a real time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE). It is classified based on the minimum overlap of the septum primum and septum secundum under valsalva maneuver.
- The table below shows the different tunnel types:
Patent Foramen Ovale Tunnel Type | Description |
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Type 1 |
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Type 2 |
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Type 3 |
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Diseases | Anatomy | Shunt | Symptoms | Physical Education | Diagnosis | Treatment | Complications |
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Type 1 |
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Type 2 |
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Type 3 |
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