Pneumomediastinum epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pneumomediastinum is a rare condition. Epidemiology of pneumomediastinum reflects the epidemiology of diseases associated with the condition.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Even though the incidence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is low, there is not any study showing accurate cases of the condition per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence
- Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is more common in young men and pregnant women.
- 4 cases out of 100,000 of the general population were between the ages of 5 and 34 years, with the predominance being young adult men[2][1].
- The prevalence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is reported between 2.3 to 125 in 100,000 individual.[3].
- In a retrospective study reported a prevalence of 0.3% in children presenting in the emergency room with underlying asthma and acute exacerbation. Mean age was 11.8 years with a male:female ratio of 1.15:1[4].
- 70% of cases of pneumomediastinum in children are due to bronchospasm or respiratory tract infection.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Newcomb AE, Clarke CP (November 2005). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a benign curiosity or a significant problem?". Chest. 128 (5): 3298–302. doi:10.1378/chest.128.5.3298. PMID 16304275.
- ↑ Oertel MF, Korinth MC, Reinges MH, Krings T, Terbeck S, Gilsbach JM (October 2006). "Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of pneumorrhachis". Eur Spine J. 15 Suppl 5: 636–43. doi:10.1007/s00586-006-0160-6. PMC 1602196. PMID 16835735.
- ↑ Chalumeau M, Le Clainche L, Sayeg N, Sannier N, Michel JL, Marianowski R, Jouvet P, Scheinmann P, de Blic J (January 2001). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children". Pediatr. Pulmonol. 31 (1): 67–75. PMID 11180677.
- ↑ Stack AM, Caputo GL (April 1996). "Pneumomediastinum in childhood asthma". Pediatr Emerg Care. 12 (2): 98–101. PMID 8859917.