Xyz risk factors

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Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance include serum monoclonal protein level ≥1.5 g/dL.

Common Risk Factors

• Serum monoclonal protein level ≥1.5 g/dL [9,29-31]

• Non-IgG MGUS (ie, IgA, IgM, IgD MGUS)
• Abnormal serum free light chain ratio (ie, ratio of kappa to lambda free light chains <0.26 or >1.65) [32,34]
• The absolute risk of disease progression over 20 years for patients with various combinations of risk factors is [32,33]:
• 3 risk factors (high-risk MGUS) – 58 percent
• 2 risk factors (high-intermediate risk MGUS) – 37 percent
• 1 risk factor (low-intermediate risk MGUS) – 21 percent
• No risk factors (low-risk MGUS) – 5 percent