Parkinson's disease natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Natural History
The most common initiating symptoms in PD are slowness of movement (bradykinesia), shaking hands while they are at rest (resting tremor) and muscle stiffness (rigidity).[1] these symptoms usually starts unilaterally and the severity of them remains higher in the side of onset.[2]
In the course of the disease patients may experience motor and nonmotor symptoms:
Complications
Prognosis
In one of the studies regarding PD prognosis, it was seen that the percent of dead or severely disabled patients is 25 percent within 5 years, 67 percent within 5 to 9 years and 80 percent within 10 to 14 years of disease onset.[3][4] It was also shown that disability will occurs mostly in 3 to 7 years of disease onset.[5]
References
- ↑
- ↑ Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ (March 1992). "Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 55 (3): 181–4. PMC 1014720. PMID 1564476.
- ↑ Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (November 2001). "Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. 1967". Neurology. 57 (10 Suppl 3): S11–26. PMID 11775596.
- ↑ Williams-Gray CH, Mason SL, Evans JR, Foltynie T, Brayne C, Robbins TW, Barker RA (November 2013). "The CamPaIGN study of Parkinson's disease: 10-year outlook in an incident population-based cohort". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 84 (11): 1258–64. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-305277. PMID 23781007.
- ↑ Shulman LM, Gruber-Baldini AL, Anderson KE, Vaughan CG, Reich SG, Fishman PS, Weiner WJ (April 2008). "The evolution of disability in Parkinson disease". Mov. Disord. 23 (6): 790–6. doi:10.1002/mds.21879. PMID 18361474.