Ileus pathophysiology

Ileus Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

• Ileus is defined as the temporary absence of intestinal motility.
• The most common cause of ileus are the drugs that affect intestinal motility and previous abdominal surgery.

• Inhibitory neural reflexes
• Inflammation: Ileus may increase adhesion formation, because intestinal segments have more prolonged contact, allowing fibrous adhesions to form, and intestinal distention causes serosal injury and ischemia. Intestinal distention has been shown to cause adhesions in foals. In a recent survey of ACVS diplomates on drugs to prevent ileus and therefore prevent adhesions. The drug used in this survey was lidocaine, erythromycin, and cisapride. Some respondents also mentioned the importance of walking horses postoperatively to stimulate motility. Repeat celiotomy to decompress chronically distended small intestine and remove fibrinous adhesions is also a useful method of treating ileus and reducing adhesions, and it has been associated with a good outcome.
• Neurohumoral peptides