Protein energy malnutrition classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

Classification

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a spectrum of conditions ranging from growth failure to overt marasmus or kwashiorkor. There are various classifications of PEM:[1][2]

  • Gomez classification
  • IAP classification
  • NCHS (WHO) classification
  • Waterlow's classification
  • Wellcome's classification

The wellcome's classification is described here:

  • Parameter: weight for age +/- edema
  • Reference standard (50th percentile)
  • Grades:
    • 80-60% without edema is underweight
    • 80-60% with edema is kwashiorkor
    • <60% with edema is Marasmus-Kwashiorkor
    • <60% without edema is Marasmus

References

  1. Bhattacharyya AK (1986). "Protein-energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor-Marasmus syndrome): terminology, classification and evolution". World Rev Nutr Diet. 47: 80–133. PMID 3088855.
  2. Waterlow JC (1976). "Classification and definition of protein-energy malnutrition". Monogr Ser World Health Organ (62): 530–55. PMID 824854.

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