Rotavirus infection physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Physical examination

Appearance of the patient

The patient with rotavirus infection may be in a normal appearance. In cases of dehydration, there will be change in the patient appearance depending on the severity of the dehydration as the following:[1][2]

  • In early stages of the rotavirus infection the patients are asymptomatic.
  • In advanced cases, the patient may show irritable behavior.
  • In severe cases, the patient appears pale and lethargic.

Vital signs

  • Low blood pressure
  • Fever due to the infection and the dehydration

Skin

  • Dry skin in case of dehydration.
  • Pallor

HEENT

  • In infants depressed anterior fontanell may be felt in case of dehydration
  • Sunken eyes

Heart

  • Normal heart sounds
  • No murmurs, gallops or rubs

Abdomen

  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Cramps

Genitourinary

  • Decreased urinary output

Neuromuscular

Rotavirus can cause several neurological signs in the severe cases including:[3]

  • Convulsions
  • Encephalopathy
  • Encephalitis

References

  1. Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G (2013). "Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children". BMJ. 347: f7204. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7204. PMID 24379214.
  2. WHO http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43209/1/9241593180.pdf Accessed on May 8, 2017
  3. Dickey M, Jamison L, Michaud L, Care M, Bernstein DI, Staat MA (2009). "Rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (4): 318–21. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818ddbe9. PMID 19258926.