Proctocolitis

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List of terms related to Proctocolitis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Proctocolitis is a general term for inflammation of the rectum and colon particularly distal part of the colon(sigmoid)[1]. Common causes of proctocolitis include Chlamydia trachomatis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, and Campylobacter species. The mainstay of therapy for infectious proctocolitis is antimicrobial therapy. The preferred regimen is a combination of Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline.

Historical Perspective

Classification

There is no established classification system for proctocolitis. However, proctocolitis may be classified based on causality into

  • Infectious
  • Non-infectious
  • Infectious proctocolitis may be viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and atypical micro-organism.
  • Non-infectious proctocolitis may be allergic (eosinophilic), vascular, autoimmune, drug-induced, radiation, chemical, and idiopathic.

Pathophysiology

Causes

Proctocolitis has many possible causes. Common infectious causes of proctocolitis include Chlamydia trachomatis, LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, and Campylobacter species. It can also be idiopathic (see colitis), vascular (as in ischemic colitis), or autoimmune (as in inflammatory bowel disease).

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Chlorpropamide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Differentiating Proctocolitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

  • All patients with proctocolitis should be treated.
  • Treatment of proctocolitis is similar to that of proctitis.
  • Generally, the following regimen is recommended:
Preferred regimen: Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM AND Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 7 days

To view additional treatment and special considerations for the management of proctitis/proctocolitis, click here.

Surgery

Prevention

See also

References

  1. Online Medical dictionary[1]