Retinitis physical examination
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Overview
Signs associated with retinitis will vary according to the underlying condition responsible for the disease. Genetic defects will result in a genetic disorder known as Retinitis pigmentosa.
Physical Examination
Genetic
Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Cone or rod dystrophy
- Rod cell degeneration[1]
Infectious Agents
Cytomegalovirus
- Physical evidence of a cytomegalovirus presence in one of both eyes will generally clinical present in the form of lesions, adjacent retinal vessels.
- These lesions may impinge upon the fovea and the optic nerve. Furthermore they are usually discovered in close proximity to both.
- Further extending legions may be present in close proximity to the vortex veins as well as the ora serrata.[2]
Tuberculosis
- Caseating granulomas
- Multiple choroidal tubercles- small grayish nodules located on the posterior pole of the eye
- Yellow necrotizing granulomas[2]
Fungal
Candida albicans
- Visibly hazy vitreous
- White circumscribed lesions[2]
Aspergillus fumigatus
- Yellow subretinal infiltrates
- Retinal infiltrates
- Fungal hyphae are located throughout the eye - suggestive of pulmonary involvement[2]
Cryptococcus neoformans
- Yellowish-white lesions located on the fundus of the eye
- Mutton-fat keratic precipitates[2]
Toxoplasmosis
- Localized areas of infiltrate
- Active lesions are adjacent to initial scarring[2]
Syphilis
- Hemorrhagic areas
- Flare visible in anterior and posterior portions[2]
References
- ↑ Retinitis Pigmentosa. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.genome.gov/13514348
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016.