Sandbox: maria2
Cardiology
| Mnemonic | Phrase | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Aortic regurgitation: causes | CREAM |
|
| Aortic stenosis characteristics | SAD |
|
| Aorta vs. vena cava: right vs. left | Aorta= Right Vena Cava=Left | *Aorta and right each have 5 letters, so aorta is on the ri*Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left |
| Aortic to left Subclavian path | ABC'S | Aortic arch gives rise to:
Brachiocephalic trunk left Common Carotid left Subclavian |
| Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable | HILT | Heaving
Impalpable Laterally displaced Thrusting/ Tapping. If it's impalpable, causes are COPD: COPD Obesity Pleural, Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia |
| Atrial Fibrillation causes | PIRATES | Pulmonary: PE, COPD
Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation, Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD , Thyroid: hyperthyroid Endocarditis, Sick sinus syndrome |
| Atrial fibrillation management | ABCD | Anti-coBeta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin |
| Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)| style="text-align: center;" | 3 D's | Distant heart sounds,Distended jugular veins, Decreased arterial pressure | |
| Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers | Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium: | Betaxolol
Acebutelol Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol |
| CHF Treatment | LMNOP | Lasix Morphine Nitrites Oxygen VassoPressors |
| CHF: causes of exacerbation | FAILURE | Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary |
| Complications of Myocardial Infarction | Darth Vader | Death Arrythmia Rupture(free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles)Tamponade Heart failure (acute or chronic)Valve disease Aneurysm of Ventricles Dressler's Syndrome ThromboEmbolism (mural thrombus) Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation |
| Coronary artery bypass graft: indications | DUST | Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease |
| ECG: left vs. right bundle block | WiLLiaM MaRRoW | W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block
M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block |
| Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications | RAMP | Recent MI Aortic stenosis MI in the last 7 days Pulmonary hypertension |
| Heart valve sequence | Try Puling My Aorta | Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral (bicuspid) Aorta |
| Infarctions | Infarctions | IV access Narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners |
| JVP: wave form | ASK ME | Atrial contraction Systole (ventricular contraction) Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling Maximal atrial filling Emptying of atrium |
| MI: basic management | BOOMAR | Bed rest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduce clot size |
| MI: signs and symptoms | PULSE | Persistent chest pains Upset stomach Light headedness Shortness of breath Excessive sweating |
| MI: therapeutic treatment | O BATMAN! | Oxygen Beta-blocker ASA/Thrombolytics (e.g. heparin) Morphine Ace PRN Nitroglycerin |
| MI: treatment of acute MI | COAG | Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glycerol trinitrate |
| Murmur attributes | IL PQRST | Intensity Location Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing |
| Murmurs: innocent murmur features | 8 S's | Soft Systolic Short Sounds (S1 & S2) normal Symptomless Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG) Standing/ Sitting (vary with position) Sternal depression |
| Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration | LEft = E Right = I | LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration. |
| Murmurs: questions to ask | SCRIPT | Site Character (e.g. harsh, soft, blowing) Radiation Intensity Pitch Timing |
| Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic | PASS:Pulmonic & Aortic | PASS:Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic. |
| Pericarditis: causes | CARDIAC RIND | Collagen vascular disease Aortic aneurysm Radiation Drugs (such as hydralazine) Infections Acute renal failure Cardiac infarction Rheumatic fever Injury Neoplasms Dressler's syndrome |
| Pericarditis: EKG | PericarditiS | PR depression in precordial leads. ST elevation |
| Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria | SICVD | Symmetry of leg musculature Integrity of skin Color of toenails Varicose veins Distribution of hair |
| Pulseless electrical activity: causes | PATCH MED | Pulmonary embolus Acidosis Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia Myocardial infarction Electrolyte derangements Drug |
| ST elevation causes in ECG | ELEVATION | Electrolytes LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis) Injury (AMI, contusion) Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm |
| Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment | ABCDE | Adenosine Beta-blocker Calcium channel antagonist Digoxin Excitation (vagal stimulation) |
| Ventricular tachycardia: treatment | LAMB | Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/ Magnesium Beta-blocker |