Anal cancer risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


Risk factors

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: An examination of squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues from patients in Denmark and Sweden showed a high proportion of anal cancers to be positive for the types of HPV that are also associated with high risk of cervical cancer (90% of the tumors from women, 100% of the tumors from homosexual men, and 58% of tumors from heterosexual men).[1] In another study done, high-risk types of HPV, notably HPV-16, were detected in 84 percent of anal cancer specimens examined.[2]
  • Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having anal sex, due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.[3]
  • Smoking: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.[3]

References

  1. Danish Medical Bulletin. 2002 Aug;49(3):194-209
  2. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 American Cancer Society."What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"

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