Infectious colitis pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qasim Salau, M.B.B.S., FMCPaed [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of colonic mucosa or attachment to the colonic mucosa by a micro-organism causing inflammation
Pathogenesis of Infectious colitis
- Enteric organisms that cause colitis are usually transmitted through fecal-oral route especially in children. As few as 100 bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection.[1]
- May also occur following antibiotic use, especially broad spectrum antibiotics.
- Can also be acquired as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM)
- In MSM the pathogens are transmitted directly through overt or microabrasions in the rectal mucosa or indirectly during oral-anal contact.[2]
The pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of infectious colitis will depend on the causative organism as follows:
- Shigella spp.
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Clostridium difficile
- Escherichia coli
- Nontyphoidal Salmonella
- Entameoba histolytica
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Yersinia enterocolitica
References
- ↑ Levinson, Warren E (2006). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (9 ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-07-146031-6. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
- ↑ Template:Rompalo AM. Chapter 9: Proctitis and Proctocolitis. In Klausner JD, Hook III EW. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. McGraw Hill Professional; 2007