High density lipoprotein causes

Jump to navigation Jump to search

High Density Lipoprotein Microchapters

Home

Patient information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Physiology

Pathophysiology

Causes

Low HDL
High HDL

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

HDL Laboratory Test

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Clinical Trials

Landmark Trials

List of All Trials

Case Studies

Case #1

High density lipoprotein causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of High density lipoprotein causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on High density lipoprotein causes

CDC on High density lipoprotein causes

High density lipoprotein causes in the news

Blogs on High density lipoprotein causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating High density lipoprotein

Risk calculators and risk factors for High density lipoprotein causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Causes

  • HDL cholesterol is a positive cardiac risk factor if
    • HDL < 35 mg/dL
    • Total cholesterol to HDL ratio in > 5.0 (in men)
    • Total cholesterol to HDL ratio in > 4.5 (in women)
  • Negative cardiac risk factor if HDL > 60 mg/dL

Decreased

  • Apolipoprotein deficiency: Hypoalphalipoproteinemia can be of three types.
  1. Impaired synthesis of apo A-1: apo A-I deficiency, apo A-1/C-3 deficiency, apo A-1 structural variants
  2. Increased catabolism: familial HDL deficiency or Tangier disease
  3. Enzymatic changes: genetic, reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase, insulin resistance, elevated liver triglyceride lipase activity, LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency
  1. Beta-blockers
  2. Benzodiazepines
  3. Anabolic steroids
  • Liver disease
  • Menopause
  • Obesity
  • Puberty in males
  • Uremia
  • Familial combined hypolipidemia
  • Elevated CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) activity: Polymorphism of the gene TaqIB (CETP gene) is known to be associated with variations in the plasma concentrations of CETP. A gene variant called TaqIB1 is associated with a higher CETP concentration and lower HDL-C levels in the plasma. Two other mutations that result in similar findings are A373P and R451Q.

Increased

  • Drugs
  • Moderate alcohol intake
  • Regular aerobic exercise
  • Weight loss

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources