Vertigo classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged vestibular pathway. These are peripheral or central vertigo. Each category has a distinct set of characteristics and associated findings. Vertigo can also occur after long flights or boat journeys where the mind gets used to turbulence, resulting in a person feeling as if they are moving up and down. This usually subsides after a few days.

Classification

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Classification of Vertigo[1][2][3]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on Location of Dysfunction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time Course/Duration
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Peripheral
 
Central
 
Lasting a Day or Longer
 
Lasting Minutes to Hours
 
Lasting Seconds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve
 
Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Meniere’s disease
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo
Acute labyrinthitis

Acute vestibular neuronitis
Cholesteatoma

Otosclerosis
Perilymphatic fistula

Acoustic Neuroma
 
Brainstem Stroke
Vestibular Migraine
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage

Cerebellar tumors
lateral medullary syndrome

Chiari malformation
 
Vestibular neuronitis
Vertebrobasilar ischemia with labyrinth infarct
Brain-stem stroke
Inferior cerebellar infarct/bleed
 
Meniere’s disease
Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Migraine Headache

Perilymph fistula
 
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo


 
 
 
 
 
 
Classification of Vertigo[1][2][3]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on Location of Dysfunction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Peripheral
Accounts for over 90% of all causes of vertigo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Central
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Meniere’s disease
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo
Acute labyrinthitis

Acute vestibular neuronitis
Cholesteatoma

Otosclerosis
Perilymphatic fistula

Acoustic Neuroma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brainstem Stroke
Vestibular Migraine
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage

Cerebellar tumors
lateral medullary syndrome

Chiari malformation

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Dieterich, Marianne (2007). "Central vestibular disorders". Journal of Neurology. 254 (5): 559–568. doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7. ISSN 0340-5354.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Karatas, Mehmet (2008). "Central Vertigo and Dizziness". The Neurologist. 14 (6): 355–364. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3. ISSN 1074-7931.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Guerraz, M. (2001). "Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control". Brain. 124 (8): 1646–1656. doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1646. ISSN 1460-2156.

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