Gynecomastia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Gynecomastia has trimodal age distribution with no racial preference. Gynecomastia has the highest prevalence in elderly and neonatal age.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of gynecomastia in infants ranges from 60,000 per 100,000 to 90,000 per 100,000.[1]
- The prevalence of gynecomastia in pubertal age ranges from 4,000 per 100,000 to 69,000 per 100,000.[2]
- The prevalence of gynecomastia in elderly (50-80 years) ranges from 24,000 per 100,000 to 65,000 per 100,000.[3]
Age
- Gynecomastia has trimodal distribution.[1]
- The first peak is found in the neonatal period affecting 60-90 percent of all newborns. The second peak is during puberty and it declines in the late teenage years. The last peak is found in elderly with age ranging from 50-to-80-years olds.[4]
Race
Gender
- Gynecomastia is a benign male brest tissue condition.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Braunstein GD (1993). "Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 328 (7): 490–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302183280708. PMID 8421478.
- ↑ Ma NS, Geffner ME (2008). "Gynecomastia in prepubertal and pubertal men". Curr Opin Pediatr. 20 (4): 465–70. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e328305e415. PMID 18622206.
- ↑ Abaci A, Buyukgebiz A (2007). "Gynecomastia: review". Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 5 (1): 489–99. PMID 17925790.
- ↑ Johnson RE, Murad MH (2009). "Gynecomastia: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (11): 1010–5. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60671-X. PMC 2770912. PMID 19880691.
- ↑ Harlan WR, Grillo GP, Cornoni-Huntley J, Leaverton PE (1979). "Secondary sex characteristics of boys 12 to 17 years of age: the U.S. Health Examination Survey". J. Pediatr. 95 (2): 293–7. PMID 448573.