Otitis media epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The worldwide incidence of acute otitis media is estimated to be 10,000/100,000 individuals.[1]
    • 51% of the incidence is in children under five years old.
    • Incidences range from 3,640/100,000 in Central Europe up to 43,337/100,000 in Sub-Saharan West Africa.
  • The worldwide incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media is 476/100,000 individuals worldwide.[1]
    • 22.6% of the incidence is in children under five years old.
    • Incidences range from 170/100,000 in Andean Latin America to Oceania with 937/100,000 individuals.

Case Fatality Rate

  • The case fatality rate for otitis media is approximately .003%.[2]

Age

  • The majority of otitis media patients are children under 5 years old.[1]
    • Between 50 and 85% of children under 3 years old have experienced cases of otitis media.[2]
    • This is due to smaller, less developed eustachian tubes making fluid buildup more likely, as well as weaker immune systems.[3]
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media can persist into adulthood if not successfully treated.[4]

Race

  • People of Caucasian, African, and Greenlandic descent are most prone to otitis media.[5]

Gender

  • For children under 20 months old, males are more likely to develop otitis media due to differing rates of respiratory maturity.[2]

Developing Countries

  • Otitis media is most prevalent in developing countries, specifically Sub-Saharan West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.[2]
    • The incidence of otitis media in the above countries is between two and eight times higher than the rest of the world.
  • The following risk factors are more prevalent in developing countries, correlated to the increase in otitis media incidence:[5]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Monasta L, Ronfani L, Marchetti F, Montico M, Vecchi Brumatti L, Bavcar A, Grasso D, Barbiero C, Tamburlini G (2012). "Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates". PLoS ONE. 7 (4): e36226. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036226. PMC 3340347. PMID 22558393.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (2014). "Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 15–24. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39637. PMC 3894142. PMID 24453496.
  3. "Ear Infections in Children | NIDCD".
  4. "www.who.int" (PDF).
  5. 5.0 5.1 Lowy, Franklin D.; Zhang, Yan; Xu, Min; Zhang, Jin; Zeng, Lingxia; Wang, Yanfei; Zheng, Qing Yin (2014). "Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media–A Meta-Analysis". PLoS ONE. 9 (1): e86397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086397. ISSN 1932-6203.

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