Sacrococcygeal teratoma classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Sacrococcygeal teratoma is classified into four different categories according to American academy of pediatrics surgery classification based upon the anatomical location of the tumor.[1][2] Subtypes of sacrococcygeal teratoma have different staging systems based on the size and growth of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and the presence of metastasis.[3]

Classification Based Upon Anatomical Location

American academy of pediatrics surgery section system classifies sacrococcygeal teratoma depending on the anatomical location of the tumor. [1][2]

Stage Features

Type I

  • Predominantly exterior; with minimal pelvic involvement

Type II

  • Predominantly external; with significant intrapelvic growth giving "hour-glass" appearance

Type III

  • Predominantly internal; withh intra-abdominal involvement

Type IV

  • Entirely pre-sacral; without external growth

Classification Based Upon Pathology

  • Benign : Mature[1]
  • Malignant : Immature

Staging of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Subtypes of sacrococcygeal teratoma have different staging systems based on the size and growth of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and the presence of metastasis.[3]

Stage Features

Stage I

  • Complete resection
  • Negative tumor margins

Stage II

  • Microscopic residuals
  • Lymph node negative

Stage III

  • Lymph node involvement
  • Gross residual on biopsy
  • Retroperitoneal node may be positive or negative

Stage IV

  • Distant metastasis may involve liver

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Puri P, Höllwarth ME. Pediatric Surgery, Diagnosis and Management. Springer Science & Business Media; 2009.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Myers LB, Bulich LA. Anesthesia for Fetal Intervention and Surgery. PMPH-USA; 2005.
  3. 3.0 3.1 DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer, Principles & Practice of Oncology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.

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