Glioma classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]Sujit Routray, M.D. [3]
Overview
Glioma may be classified into several subtypes based on the type of cell, grade, and location.
Classification
Glioma may be classified into several subtypes based on the type of cell, grade, and location.
1. Based on the type of cell
Glioma may be classified according to the type of cell into four subtypes:
- Ependymomas — ependymal cells
- Astrocytomas — astrocytes
- Oligodendrogliomas — oligodendrocytes
- Mixed gliomas, such as oligoastrocytomas, contain cells from different types of glia.
2. Based on the grade
Glioma may be classified according to the grade into two subtypes:
- Low-grade gliomas are well-differentiated tumors. These are benign tumors.
- High-grade gliomas are undifferentiated or anaplastic tumors. These are malignant tumors.
WHO grading system for astrocytomas
- WHO Grade 1 — e.g., pilocytic astrocytoma
- WHO Grade 2 — e.g., diffuse or low-grade astrocytoma
- WHO Grade 3 — e.g., anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma
- WHO Grade 4 — e.g., glioblastoma multiforme
3. Based on the location
Glioma may be classified according to the location into two subtypes:
- Infratentorial : mostly in children (70%)
- Supratentorial : mostly in adults (70%)