Sandbox/Persistent (chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]


Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for [1]

“
  • A.Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal.

AND

  • B.The tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset.

AND

  • C.Onset is before age 18 years.

AND

  • D.The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., cocaine) or another medical condition (e.g., Huntington’s disease, post viral encephalitis).

AND

Specify if:

  • With motor tics only
  • With vocal tics only


 ”


Natural History,Prognosis and Complications

Prognosis

  • Good prognostic factors include:[1]
  • Focused activities
  • Calm
  • Engaged in schoolwork
  • Tasks at work


  • Poor Prognostic factors include:[1]
  • Anxiety
  • Excitement
  • Exhaustion
  • Lower birth weight
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy
  • Obstetrical complications
  • Older paternal age
  • tasks at work
  • Stressful/exciting events


Differential Diagnosis

  • Abnormal movements that may accompany other medical conditions and stereotypic movement disorder
  • Repetitive hand waving/rotating,arm flapping
  • Finger wiggling


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
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