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| __NOTOC__
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| {{Coronary artery bypass surgery}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{VK}}
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| ==ACCF/AHA Guidelines for Management of Perioperative Dysrhythmias<ref name="pmid22064599">{{cite journal| author=Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=22064599 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22064599 }} </ref>==
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| {{cquote|
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| ===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]===
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| '''1.''' [[Beta blockers]] should be administered for at least 24 hours before CABG to all patients without contraindications to reduce the incidence or clinical sequelae of postoperative AF.<ref name="pmid15495059">{{cite journal |author=Crystal E, Garfinkle MS, Connolly SS, Ginger TT, Sleik K, Yusuf SS |title=Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery |journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online)]] |volume= |issue=4 |pages=CD003611 |year=2004 |pmid=15495059 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003611.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003611.pub2 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid12595838">{{cite journal |author=Connolly SJ, Cybulsky I, Lamy A, Roberts RS, O'brien B, Carroll S, Crystal E, Thorpe KE, Gent M |title=Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of prophylactic metoprolol for reduction of hospital length of stay after heart surgery: the beta-Blocker Length Of Stay (BLOS) study |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=145 |issue=2 |pages=226–32 |year=2003 |month=February |pmid=12595838 |doi=10.1067/mhj.2003.147 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002870302948374 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid1682069">{{cite journal |author=Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM |title=Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=84 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=III236–44 |year=1991 |month=November |pmid=1682069 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid18824644">{{cite journal |author=Mariscalco G, Klersy C, Zanobini M, Banach M, Ferrarese S, Borsani P, Cantore C, Biglioli P, Sala A |title=Atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary surgery affects late survival |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=118 |issue=16 |pages=1612–8 |year=2008 |month=October |pmid=18824644 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.777789 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18824644 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid21382897">{{cite journal |author=Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Kay GN, Le Huezey JY, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann LS, Smith SC, Priori SG, Estes NA, Ezekowitz MD, Jackman WM, January CT, Lowe JE, Page RL, Slotwiner DJ, Stevenson WG, Tracy CM, Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Albert N, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Guyton RA, Halperin JL, Hochman JS, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson WG, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW |title=2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=123 |issue=10 |pages=e269–367 |year=2011 |month=March |pmid=21382897 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214876d |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=21382897 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid19853700">{{cite journal |author=Al-Khatib SM, Hafley G, Harrington RA, Mack MJ, Ferguson TB, Peterson ED, Califf RM, Kouchoukos NT, Alexander JH |title=Patterns of management of atrial fibrillation complicating coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from the PRoject of Ex-vivo Vein graft ENgineering via Transfection IV (PREVENT-IV) Trial |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=158 |issue=5 |pages=792–8 |year=2009 |month=November |pmid=19853700 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2009.09.003 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-8703(09)00720-0 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid6979982">{{cite journal |author=Silverman NA, Wright R, Levitsky S |title=Efficacy of low-dose propranolol in preventing postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a prospective, randomized study |journal=[[Annals of Surgery]] |volume=196 |issue=2 |pages=194–7 |year=1982 |month=August |pmid=6979982 |pmc=1352475 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-4932&volume=196&issue=2&spage=194 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid9237602">{{cite journal |author=Ali IM, Sanalla AA, Clark V |title=Beta-blocker effects on postoperative atrial fibrillation |journal=[[European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery]] |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=1154–7 |year=1997 |month=June |pmid=9237602 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1010-7940(97)01215-3 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''
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| '''2.''' [[Beta blockers]] should be reinstituted as soon as possible after CABG in all patients without contraindications to reduce the incidence or clinical sequelae of AF.<ref name="pmid15495059">{{cite journal |author=Crystal E, Garfinkle MS, Connolly SS, Ginger TT, Sleik K, Yusuf SS |title=Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery |journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online)]] |volume= |issue=4 |pages=CD003611 |year=2004 |pmid=15495059 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003611.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003611.pub2 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid12595838">{{cite journal |author=Connolly SJ, Cybulsky I, Lamy A, Roberts RS, O'brien B, Carroll S, Crystal E, Thorpe KE, Gent M |title=Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of prophylactic metoprolol for reduction of hospital length of stay after heart surgery: the beta-Blocker Length Of Stay (BLOS) study |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=145 |issue=2 |pages=226–32 |year=2003 |month=February |pmid=12595838 |doi=10.1067/mhj.2003.147 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002870302948374 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid1682069">{{cite journal |author=Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM |title=Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=84 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=III236–44 |year=1991 |month=November |pmid=1682069 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid18824644">{{cite journal |author=Mariscalco G, Klersy C, Zanobini M, Banach M, Ferrarese S, Borsani P, Cantore C, Biglioli P, Sala A |title=Atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary surgery affects late survival |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=118 |issue=16 |pages=1612–8 |year=2008 |month=October |pmid=18824644 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.777789 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18824644 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid21382897">{{cite journal |author=Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, Halperin JL, Kay GN, Le Huezey JY, Lowe JE, Olsson SB, Prystowsky EN, Tamargo JL, Wann LS, Smith SC, Priori SG, Estes NA, Ezekowitz MD, Jackman WM, January CT, Lowe JE, Page RL, Slotwiner DJ, Stevenson WG, Tracy CM, Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Albert N, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Guyton RA, Halperin JL, Hochman JS, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson WG, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW |title=2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=123 |issue=10 |pages=e269–367 |year=2011 |month=March |pmid=21382897 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214876d |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=21382897 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid19853700">{{cite journal |author=Al-Khatib SM, Hafley G, Harrington RA, Mack MJ, Ferguson TB, Peterson ED, Califf RM, Kouchoukos NT, Alexander JH |title=Patterns of management of atrial fibrillation complicating coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from the PRoject of Ex-vivo Vein graft ENgineering via Transfection IV (PREVENT-IV) Trial |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=158 |issue=5 |pages=792–8 |year=2009 |month=November |pmid=19853700 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2009.09.003 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-8703(09)00720-0 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid6979982">{{cite journal |author=Silverman NA, Wright R, Levitsky S |title=Efficacy of low-dose propranolol in preventing postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a prospective, randomized study |journal=[[Annals of Surgery]] |volume=196 |issue=2 |pages=194–7 |year=1982 |month=August |pmid=6979982 |pmc=1352475 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-4932&volume=196&issue=2&spage=194 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid9237602">{{cite journal |author=Ali IM, Sanalla AA, Clark V |title=Beta-blocker effects on postoperative atrial fibrillation |journal=[[European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery]] |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=1154–7 |year=1997 |month=June |pmid=9237602 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1010-7940(97)01215-3 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''
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| ===[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]===
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| '''1.''' Preoperative administration of [[amiodarone]] to reduce the incidence of postoperative [[AF]] is reasonable for patients at high risk for postoperative AF who have contraindications to beta blockers.<ref name="pmid9400034">{{cite journal |author=Daoud EG, Strickberger SA, Man KC, Goyal R, Deeb GM, Bolling SF, Pagani FD, Bitar C, Meissner MD, Morady F |title=Preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=337 |issue=25 |pages=1785–91 |year=1997 |month=December |pmid=9400034 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199712183372501 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199712183372501 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''
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| '''2.''' [[Digoxin]] and non-[[dihydropyridine]] [[calcium channel blocker]]s can be useful to control the ventricular rate in the setting of [[AF]] but are not indicated for prophylaxis.<ref name="pmid1682069">{{cite journal |author=Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM |title=Prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=84 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=III236–44 |year=1991 |month=November |pmid=1682069 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid3900590">{{cite journal |author=Williams DB, Misbach GA, Kruse AP, Ivey TD |title=Oral verapamil for prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardia after myocardial revascularization. A randomized trial |journal=[[The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery]] |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=592–6 |year=1985 |month=October |pmid=3900590 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid3885884">{{cite journal |author=Davison R, Hartz R, Kaplan K, Parker M, Feiereisel P, Michaelis L |title=Prophylaxis of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after coronary bypass surgery with oral verapamil: a randomized, double-blind trial |journal=[[The Annals of Thoracic Surgery]] |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=336–9 |year=1985 |month=April |pmid=3885884 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid310917">{{cite journal |author=Tyras DH, Stothert JC, Kaiser GC, Barner HB, Codd JE, Willman VL |title=Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial revascularization: a randomized trial of prophylactic digitalization |journal=[[The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery]] |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=310–4 |year=1979 |month=February |pmid=310917 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid3485028">{{cite journal |author=Weiner B, Rheinlander HF, Decker EL, Cleveland RJ |title=Digoxin prophylaxis following coronary artery bypass surgery |journal=[[Clinical Pharmacy]] |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=55–8 |year=1986 |month=January |pmid=3485028 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid1083313">{{cite journal |author=Johnson LW, Dickstein RA, Fruehan CT, Kane P, Potts JL, Smulyan H, Webb WR, Eich RH |title=Prophylactic digitalization for coronary artery bypass surgery |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=819–22 |year=1976 |month=May |pmid=1083313 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1083313 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''}}
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| ==Guidelines Resources==
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| *2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery : A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines<ref name="pmid22064599">{{cite journal| author=Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=22064599 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22064599 }} </ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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| [[Category:Cardiac surgery]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Surgery]]
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| [[Category:Surgical procedures]]
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| [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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| [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
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