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The olfactory nerve is special visceral afferent (SVA). | The olfactory nerve is special visceral afferent (SVA). | ||
== | ==Diseases== | ||
Many diseases can involve olfactory nerve and some of them can cause transient or permanent [[anosmia]].Like: | |||
*[[Allergies]] | |||
*[ | *[[Common cold]] | ||
*[[Infection]] | |||
*[[Nasal polyp]] | |||
*[[Old age]] | |||
*[[Sinusitis]] | |||
*Stuffy nose | |||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
<br /> | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | * The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | ||
Revision as of 14:43, 20 July 2020
cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve)
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The olfactory nerve or CN I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves that contains sensory nerve fibers relating to the sense of smell.The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. The olfactory nerve consists of a collection of sensory nerve fibers that extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, passing through the many openings of the cribriform plate, a sieve-like structure.
Olfactory receptor neurons continue to be born throughout life and extend new axons to the olfactory bulb. Olfactory ensheathing glia wrap bundles of these axons and are thought to facilitate their passage into the central nervous system.
The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of the olfactory receptors by activation from gas molecules that pass by the nose during respiration. The resulting electrical activity is transduced into the olfactory bulb which then transmits the electrical activity to other parts of the olfactory system and the rest of the central nervous system via the olfactory tract.
The olfactory nerve is the shortest of all the twelve cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem.
Historical Perspective
- Discovery of cranial nerves started in the 2nd centrury by Galen, but these 12 cranial nerves that we recognize today was enumerated by Samuel Sömmerring in 1778.[1]
Function
The afferent nerve fibers of the olfactory receptor neurons transmit nerve impulses about odors to the central nervous system, where they are perceived as smell (olfaction).
The olfactory nerve is special visceral afferent (SVA).
Diseases
Many diseases can involve olfactory nerve and some of them can cause transient or permanent anosmia.Like:
- Allergies
- Common cold
- Infection
- Nasal polyp
- Old age
- Sinusitis
- Stuffy nose
- Trauma
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Symptoms
Physical Examination
- Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
- On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
References
- ↑ Davis, Matthew C.; Griessenauer, Christoph J.; Bosmia, Anand N.; Tubbs, R. Shane; Shoja, Mohammadali M. (2014). "The naming of the cranial nerves: A historical review". Clinical Anatomy. 27 (1): 14–19. doi:10.1002/ca.22345. ISSN 0897-3806.