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==chilblain‐like lesions== | ==chilblain‐like lesions== | ||
the lesion was red–purple papules on the dorsal aspect of the fingers on both hands and diffused erythema in the subungual area of thumb.<ref name="pmid32302422">{{cite journal| author=Alramthan A, Aldaraji W| title=Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East. | journal=Clin Exp Dermatol | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=32302422 | doi=10.1111/ced.14243 | pmc=7264553 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32302422 }} </ref> | the lesion was red–purple papules on the dorsal aspect of the fingers on both hands and diffused erythema in the subungual area of thumb.<ref name="pmid32302422">{{cite journal| author=Alramthan A, Aldaraji W| title=Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East. | journal=Clin Exp Dermatol | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=32302422 | doi=10.1111/ced.14243 | pmc=7264553 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32302422 }} </ref> | ||
*in Qater,two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with cutaneous lesions, specifically, chilblain‐like lesions. | *in Qater,two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with cutaneous lesions, specifically, chilblain‐like lesions. | ||
*Hunt and Koziatek reported a case of COVID‐19 presenting with fever and morbilliform rash as the primary presenting symptoms.<ref name="HuntKoziatek2020">{{cite journal|last1=Hunt|first1=Madison|last2=Koziatek|first2=Christian|title=A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom|journal=Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine|volume=4|issue=2|year=2020|issn=2474252X|doi=10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.47349}}</ref> | *Hunt and Koziatek reported a case of COVID‐19 presenting with fever and morbilliform rash as the primary presenting symptoms.<ref name="HuntKoziatek2020">{{cite journal|last1=Hunt|first1=Madison|last2=Koziatek|first2=Christian|title=A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom|journal=Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine|volume=4|issue=2|year=2020|issn=2474252X|doi=10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.47349}}</ref> | ||
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===pathophysiology=== | ===pathophysiology=== | ||
*Degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells and formation of hyaline thrombi in small vessels were observed in lung and other organs.<ref name="pmid32172546">{{cite journal| author=Yao XH, Li TY, He ZC, Ping YF, Liu HW, Yu SC | display-authors=etal| title=[A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies]. | journal=Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi | year= 2020 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 411-417 | pmid=32172546 | doi=10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200312-00193 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32172546 }} </ref> | *Degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells and formation of hyaline thrombi in small vessels were observed in lung and other organs.<ref name="pmid32172546">{{cite journal| author=Yao XH, Li TY, He ZC, Ping YF, Liu HW, Yu SC | display-authors=etal| title=[A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies]. | journal=Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi | year= 2020 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 411-417 | pmid=32172546 | doi=10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200312-00193 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32172546 }} </ref> | ||
==Acute acro-ischemia in the child== | ==Acute acro-ischemia in the child== | ||
Revision as of 13:12, 15 June 2020
chilblain‐like lesions
the lesion was red–purple papules on the dorsal aspect of the fingers on both hands and diffused erythema in the subungual area of thumb.[1]
- in Qater,two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with cutaneous lesions, specifically, chilblain‐like lesions.
- Hunt and Koziatek reported a case of COVID‐19 presenting with fever and morbilliform rash as the primary presenting symptoms.[2]
- while Joob and Wiwanitkit reported a case of COVID‐19 presenting initially with a petechial skin rash in Thailand.[3]
pathophysiology
- Degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells and formation of hyaline thrombi in small vessels were observed in lung and other organs.[4]
Acute acro-ischemia in the child
- the presentations of acro-ischemia including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene.[5]
- Mazzotta and Troccoli reported a few dozen cases, initially presenting with red–purple papules on the feet and hands, which either evolved into haemorrhagic bullae or developed a blackish crust.[6]
pathophysiology
they could be the expression of secondary microthrombosis due to endothelial damage and vascular disorders.[5]
lab results
- D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) were significantly elevated in most patients.
- Prothrombin time was prolonged in 4 patients. D-dimer and FDP levels progressively elevated consistent with COVID-2019 exacerbation.
- Four patients were diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) .
- Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administrated in 6 patients, which reduced D-dimer and FDP rather than improved clinical symptoms.[5]
erythematous rash
widespread urticaria
chicken‐pox like vesicles
- ↑ Alramthan A, Aldaraji W (2020). "Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East". Clin Exp Dermatol. doi:10.1111/ced.14243. PMC 7264553 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32302422 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Hunt, Madison; Koziatek, Christian (2020). "A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom". Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine. 4 (2). doi:10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.47349. ISSN 2474-252X.
- ↑ Joob B, Wiwanitkit V (2020). "COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue". J Am Acad Dermatol. 82 (5): e177. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.036. PMC 7156802 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32213305 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Yao XH, Li TY, He ZC, Ping YF, Liu HW, Yu SC; et al. (2020). "[A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies]". Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 49 (5): 411–417. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200312-00193. PMID 32172546 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Zhang Y, Cao W, Xiao M, Li YJ, Yang Y, Zhao J; et al. (2020). "[Clinical and coagulation characteristics in 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia]". Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 41 (4): 302–307. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.008. PMID 32447934 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.26326/2281-9649.30.2.2102 Check
|pmid=value (help).