Sialolithiasis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 77: Line 77:
* Inflammation of a salivary gland
* Inflammation of a salivary gland
* Swelling is usually present  
* Swelling is usually present  
* Acute sialoadenitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection<ref name="pmid33183532">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKenna JP, Bostock DJ, McMenamin PG |title=Sialolithiasis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=119–25 |year=1987 |pmid=3318353 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Acute sialoadenitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection<ref name="pmid3318353" />
** Parotid and submandibular glands are more involved in acute sialadenitis.  
** Parotid and submandibular glands are more involved in acute sialadenitis.  
**;
**;
Line 86: Line 86:


==Gross Pathology==
==Gross Pathology==
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
*On gross pathology, hard yellow -white spherical depositions usually less than 2 cm in diameter, [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].


==Microscopic Pathology==
==Microscopic Pathology==

Revision as of 16:21, 30 January 2018

Sialolithiasis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sialolithiasis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Sialolithiasis pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sialolithiasis pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Sialolithiasis pathophysiology

CDC on Sialolithiasis pathophysiology

Sialolithiasis pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Sialolithiasis pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Sialolithiasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Sialolithiasis pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Sialolithiasis :

  • Presence of stones within the salivary glands or the salivary gland ducts.
  • The exact pathogenesis of sialolithias is not fully understood but relative stagnation of salivary flow and calcium concentration may be important.
  • Component of salivary stones include: [1]
    • Calcium phosphate
    • Hydroxyapatite
    • Magnesium
    • Ammonium
    • Potassium
  • Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands and minor salivary glands are prone to the development of stones.[2][3]
  • Parotid glands and stensen ducts are located anterior to the external auditory canal.
  • Submandibular glands and wharton ducts are located beneath the floor of the mouth.
  • Sublingual glands are located beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
  • 75 percent of sialadenosis cases are single
  • 3 percent of stones are bilateral and most of them are located in parotid glands.
  • Submandibular stones are the largest ones and are often located in the wharton ducts.
  • Parotid stones are the smaller than submandibular stones, and they are more located within the glands and they are more multiple.
  • Stone formation is 80 to 90 percent in the submandibular gland, 6 to 20 percent in the parotid glands, 1 to 2 percent occur in the sublingual or minor salivary glands .
  • Stones occur equally on the right and left sides.

Acute sialadenitis is related to inflammation or infection of the salivary glands. Parotid and submandibular glands are more involved in acute sialadenitis.  

10% of all cases of sialadenitis is related to involvement of submandibular gland.  

The submandibular gland is suggested to account for approximately 10% of all cases of sialadenitis of the major salivary glands

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

Sialoadenitis

  • Inflammation of a salivary gland
  • Swelling is usually present
  • Acute sialoadenitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection[3]
    • Parotid and submandibular glands are more involved in acute sialadenitis.
  • Chronic sialoadenitis is caused by repeated episodes of inflammation and finally it progresses to salivary gland dysfucntion.

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, hard yellow -white spherical depositions usually less than 2 cm in diameter, [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis,
    • Dilated ducts with squamous metaplasia or calculi
    • Chronic inflammation
    • Destruction of acini
    • Fibrosis in sialadenitis

References

  1. Williams MF (1999). "Sialolithiasis". Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 32 (5): 819–34. PMID 10477789.
  2. Mandel L (2014). "Salivary gland disorders". Med. Clin. North Am. 98 (6): 1407–49. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.008. PMID 25443682.
  3. 3.0 3.1 McKenna JP, Bostock DJ, McMenamin PG (1987). "Sialolithiasis". Am Fam Physician. 36 (5): 119–25. PMID 3318353.

Template:WH Template:WS