Sandbox:Mahda

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]

Overview

Esophageal stricture, Case courtesy of Dr Mohammad Taghi Niknejad,

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

• Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
• [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

Esophageal stricture may be caused by:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Previous surgery on the esophagus, postsurgical resection for esophageal or laryngeal cancer
• Surgical anastomosis
• Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors
• Esophageal sclerotherapy
• Swallowing a substance that harms the esophagus, such as household cleaners, lye, or disc-shaped batteries,  caustic ingestions
• Treatment for esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the esophagus)
• Cancer
• An allergic condition called "eosinophilic esophagitis"
• Drug-induced stricture:
  • Aspirin and anti-inflammatory agents
  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Clindamycin
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Potassium chloride
  • Quinidine preparations
  • Iron compounds
  • Emepronium
  • Aalprenolol
  • Pinaverium 
• External compression of the esophagus due to mediastinal fibrosis induced by tuberculosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis
• increased esophageal acid exposure (eg, systemic sclerosis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, nasogastric tube placement, and after Heller myotomy for achalasia)

OR

• [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
• [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of esophageal stricture include:

•  Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)
• Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica)
• [Cause3]

Genetic Causes

• [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

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