African trypanosomiasis historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
*In 1841, Valentin, a professor of physiology, discovered a trypanosome-like [[flagellate]] for the first time in the [[blood]] of a trout.<ref name="pmid15145378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox FE |title=History of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=231–45 |year=2004 |pmid=15145378 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.004 |url=}}</ref>
*In 1841, Valentin, a professor of physiology, discovered a trypanosome-like [[flagellate]] for the first time in the [[blood]] of a trout.<ref name="pmid15145378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox FE |title=History of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=231–45 |year=2004 |pmid=15145378 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.004 |url=}}</ref>
*In 1843, Gruby gave a detailed description of [[trypanosomes]] based on the work done independently by Gluge, Mayer in the [[blood]] of frogs.
*In 1843, Gruby gave a detailed description of [[trypanosomes]] based on the work done independently by Gluge and Mayer in the [[blood]] of frogs.
*In 1891, Nepveu identified [[trypanosomes]] for the first time in human [[blood]].
*In 1891, Nepveu identified [[trypanosomes]] for the first time in human [[blood]].
*In 1898, Brault suggested that [[trypanosomes]] as the cause of [[sleeping sickness]].
*In 1898, Brault suggested [[trypanosomes]] as the cause of [[sleeping sickness]].
*In 1901, Forde and Dutton described [[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]] in human [[blood]] for the first time.
*In 1901, Forde and Dutton described [[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense|''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense'']] in human [[blood]] for the first time.
*In 1902: First and second [[Sleeping Sickness]] Commission led by Low and Bruce was conducted in Uganda.
*In 1902, the First and second [[Sleeping Sickness]] Commissions led by Low and Bruce were conducted in Uganda.
*In 1902, Castellani identified [[trypanosomes]] in [[cerebrospinal fluid]] of [[sleeping sickness]] patients for the first time.
*In 1902, Castellani identified [[trypanosomes]] in [[cerebrospinal fluid]] of [[sleeping sickness]] patients for the first time.
*In 1902, Laveran and Mesnil discovered that sodium arsenite can be used to kill [[trypanosomes]].
*In 1902, Laveran and Mesnil discovered that sodium arsenite can be used to kill [[trypanosomes]].
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*In 1905, Bruce suggested that [[Tsetse fly|tsetse flies]] transmit trypanosomes mechanically.
*In 1905, Bruce suggested that [[Tsetse fly|tsetse flies]] transmit trypanosomes mechanically.
*In 1909, Kleine demonstrated the cyclical transmission of trypanosomes in [[Tsetse fly|tsetse flies.]]
*In 1909, Kleine demonstrated the cyclical transmission of trypanosomes in [[Tsetse fly|tsetse flies.]]
*In 1910, Stevens and Fantham identified [[Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense|Trypanosoma brucei  rhodesiense]] as the cause of acute [[sleeping sickness]].
*In 1910, Stevens and Fantham identified [[Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense|''Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiens''e]] as the cause of acute [[sleeping sickness]].
*In 1914, Ritz described the [[antigenic variation]] of trypanosomes.
*In 1914, Ritz described the [[antigenic variation]] of trypanosomes.
*In 1945, [[DDT]] was used for the first time in controlling [[Tsetse fly|tsetse flies]].
*In 1945, [[DDT]] was used for the first time in controlling [[Tsetse fly|tsetse flies]].

Revision as of 14:25, 2 August 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Pilar Almonacid; Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

African trypanosomiasis has been present in Africa for thousands of years. In 1903, David Bruce identified the causative agent vector. In 1910, the differentiation between the subspecies of the protozoa was established.

Historical Perspective

References

  1. Cox FE (2004). "History of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 18 (2): 231–45. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.004. PMID 15145378.