Q fever history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Q fever}} | {{Q fever}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==History and | ==Overview== | ||
==History and symptoms== | |||
*Q fever can present with a wide variety of symptoms related to multiple organs involved. Q fever can be classified into acute and chronic based on the onset of symptoms: | |||
*Incubation period is usually 2 to 3 weeks. | *Incubation period is usually 2 to 3 weeks. | ||
===Acute Q fever:=== | |||
====Flu like symptoms:==== | |||
The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms with abrupt onset of: | |||
*High grade fevers: Fever is usually accompanied by chills and night sweats. | |||
*Headaches: retrobulbar and associated with photophobia. | |||
*Arthralgias. | |||
====Pneumonia:==== | |||
Usually mild and accidentally discovered on X rays | |||
*If accompanied by cough, cough is dry and non productive. | |||
*Dyspnea | |||
*Pleuritic chest pain | |||
*Rarely progresses to ARDS which can be life threatening. | |||
* | ====Hepatitis:==== | ||
*Abdominal right upper quadrant pain | |||
*Jaundice | |||
*GI symptoms as nausea, Malaise, vomiting, diarrhea and bloating. | |||
====Rare acute Q fever symptoms:==== | |||
*Pericarditis and myocarditis: | |||
*Myocarditis is rare but carries a bad prognosis. | |||
*Chest pain | |||
*Dyspnea | |||
*Palpitation | |||
====Neurologic findings:==== | |||
*Q fever can present with meningioencephalitis. | |||
*Headache | |||
*Confusion | |||
*Seizures | |||
====Dermatologic findings:==== | |||
*Maculopapular rash | |||
*Diffuse punctate rash | |||
*Erythema nodosum | |||
====Q fever during pregnancy:==== | |||
*Most C. brutenii infection during pregnancy pass asymptomatic but in rare cases it can be complicated with: | |||
*Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) | |||
*Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). | |||
Infection during first trimester and placental infection are associated with increased risk of fetal compromise. | |||
===Chronic Q fever:=== | |||
Chronic Q fever, characterized by infection that persists for more than 6 months is uncommon but is a much more serious disease. Patients who have had acute Q fever may develop the chronic form as soon as 1 year or as long as 20 years after initial infection. | |||
====Endocarditis:==== | |||
** | |||
** | Endocarditis is the main manifestation of Q fever. | ||
** | *Characterized by being culture negative endocarditis. | ||
** | *Patients who are predisposed to endocarditis include patients with valvular lesions, prosthetic valves and immunocompromised patients. | ||
*Presents with: | |||
**Low grade fevers | |||
* | **Palpitations | ||
**Dyspnea | |||
**Embolic manifestations | |||
====Skeletal manifestations:==== | |||
*Bone and joint infections are common manifestations of chronic Q fever. | |||
*Presents with: | |||
**Low grade fever | |||
**Bone and joint pain as in chronic osteomyelitis | |||
* | |||
====Vascular lesions:==== | |||
*Usually in previously affected vessel (e.g. aneurysm) | |||
* | |||
====Cardiopulmonary affection:==== | |||
*Chronic pleural or pericardial effusion and Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis present with dyspnea and fatigue. | |||
* | |||
====Hepatic manifestations:==== | |||
*Liver fibrosis or cirrhosis presents with symptoms of chronic hepatic decompensation (e.g jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, etc) | |||
====Chronic fatigue syndrome:==== | |||
*Presents in up to 10% of chronic Q fever patients. | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 17:08, 5 June 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Overview
History and symptoms
- Q fever can present with a wide variety of symptoms related to multiple organs involved. Q fever can be classified into acute and chronic based on the onset of symptoms:
- Incubation period is usually 2 to 3 weeks.
Acute Q fever:
Flu like symptoms:
The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms with abrupt onset of:
- High grade fevers: Fever is usually accompanied by chills and night sweats.
- Headaches: retrobulbar and associated with photophobia.
- Arthralgias.
Pneumonia:
Usually mild and accidentally discovered on X rays
- If accompanied by cough, cough is dry and non productive.
- Dyspnea
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Rarely progresses to ARDS which can be life threatening.
Hepatitis:
- Abdominal right upper quadrant pain
- Jaundice
- GI symptoms as nausea, Malaise, vomiting, diarrhea and bloating.
Rare acute Q fever symptoms:
- Pericarditis and myocarditis:
- Myocarditis is rare but carries a bad prognosis.
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Palpitation
Neurologic findings:
- Q fever can present with meningioencephalitis.
- Headache
- Confusion
- Seizures
Dermatologic findings:
- Maculopapular rash
- Diffuse punctate rash
- Erythema nodosum
Q fever during pregnancy:
- Most C. brutenii infection during pregnancy pass asymptomatic but in rare cases it can be complicated with:
- Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
- Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).
Infection during first trimester and placental infection are associated with increased risk of fetal compromise.
Chronic Q fever:
Chronic Q fever, characterized by infection that persists for more than 6 months is uncommon but is a much more serious disease. Patients who have had acute Q fever may develop the chronic form as soon as 1 year or as long as 20 years after initial infection.
Endocarditis:
Endocarditis is the main manifestation of Q fever.
- Characterized by being culture negative endocarditis.
- Patients who are predisposed to endocarditis include patients with valvular lesions, prosthetic valves and immunocompromised patients.
- Presents with:
- Low grade fevers
- Palpitations
- Dyspnea
- Embolic manifestations
Skeletal manifestations:
- Bone and joint infections are common manifestations of chronic Q fever.
- Presents with:
- Low grade fever
- Bone and joint pain as in chronic osteomyelitis
Vascular lesions:
- Usually in previously affected vessel (e.g. aneurysm)
Cardiopulmonary affection:
- Chronic pleural or pericardial effusion and Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis present with dyspnea and fatigue.
Hepatic manifestations:
- Liver fibrosis or cirrhosis presents with symptoms of chronic hepatic decompensation (e.g jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, etc)
Chronic fatigue syndrome:
- Presents in up to 10% of chronic Q fever patients.