Rotavirus infection pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*The pathogenesis of the rotavirus infection depends on the enzymes destruction and the enterotoxins of the virus itself. | *The pathogenesis of the rotavirus infection depends on the enzymes destruction and the enterotoxins of the virus itself. | ||
*Virus virulence factors have a significant role in the pathogenesis of the rotavirus infections. The rotavirus has 11 genes at which each gene plays a role in the pathogenesis e.g. gene 3 helps in the virus replication, genes 4 and 9 help in the infection initiation, and gene 5 is responsible for the protein coding resulting in interfering the action of the antiviral drugs.<ref name="pmid19457420">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg HB, Estes MK| title=Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2009 | volume= 136 | issue= 6 | pages= 1939-51 | pmid=19457420 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.076 | pmc=3690811 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19457420 }} </ref> | *Virus virulence factors have a significant role in the pathogenesis of the rotavirus infections. The rotavirus has 11 genes at which each gene plays a role in the pathogenesis e.g. gene 3 helps in the virus replication, genes 4 and 9 help in the infection initiation, and gene 5 is responsible for the protein coding resulting in interfering the action of the antiviral drugs.<ref name="pmid19457420">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg HB, Estes MK| title=Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2009 | volume= 136 | issue= 6 | pages= 1939-51 | pmid=19457420 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.076 | pmc=3690811 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19457420 }} </ref> | ||
*The main site of infection to the roatavirus are the intestinal villi. By the help of the viral protein number 4, rotavirus can bind its receptors initiating its infection. After the infection, replication takes place releasing viruses into the intestinal lumen. Proceeding from the virus replication, rotavirus produces the enterotoxins e.g. non structural protein 4 which will have a significant effect in causing the watery | *The main site of infection to the roatavirus are the intestinal villi. By the help of the viral protein number 4, rotavirus can bind its receptors initiating its infection. After the infection, replication takes place releasing viruses into the intestinal lumen. Proceeding from the virus replication, rotavirus produces the enterotoxins e.g. non structural protein 4 which will have a significant effect in causing the watery diarrhea. | ||
*Rotavirus diarrhea | *Rotavirus diarrhea is a watery diarrhea, not like the bacterial diarrhea, which occurs via many mechanisms. | ||
===Transmission=== | ===Transmission=== | ||
Revision as of 15:56, 4 May 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- After entrance the virus to the body through the mouth, replication takes place in the small intestine where it can cause severe watery diarrhea.
- The pathogenesis of the rotavirus infection depends on the enzymes destruction and the enterotoxins of the virus itself.
- Virus virulence factors have a significant role in the pathogenesis of the rotavirus infections. The rotavirus has 11 genes at which each gene plays a role in the pathogenesis e.g. gene 3 helps in the virus replication, genes 4 and 9 help in the infection initiation, and gene 5 is responsible for the protein coding resulting in interfering the action of the antiviral drugs.[1]
- The main site of infection to the roatavirus are the intestinal villi. By the help of the viral protein number 4, rotavirus can bind its receptors initiating its infection. After the infection, replication takes place releasing viruses into the intestinal lumen. Proceeding from the virus replication, rotavirus produces the enterotoxins e.g. non structural protein 4 which will have a significant effect in causing the watery diarrhea.
- Rotavirus diarrhea is a watery diarrhea, not like the bacterial diarrhea, which occurs via many mechanisms.
Transmission
- Rotavirus spreads easily among infants and young children. Children can spread the virus both before and after they become sick with diarrhea. They can also pass rotavirus to family members and other people with whom they have close contact.[2]
- People who are infected with rotavirus shed rotavirus in their feces (poop) - this is often how the virus spreads from a person’s body to other people and into the environment. They shed the virus most when they are sick and during the first 3 days after they recover.
- The virus spreads by the fecal-oral route; this means the virus is shed by an infected person and then enters a susceptible person’s mouth to cause infection. Rotavirus can be spread by the following:
- Hands
- Objects (toys, surfaces)
- Food
- Water
Associated conditions
Rotavirus may be associated with the following diseases:[3]
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- intussusception
- Kawasaki's syndrome
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Gross pathology
Microscopic pathology
References
- ↑ Greenberg HB, Estes MK (2009). "Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination". Gastroenterology. 136 (6): 1939–51. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.076. PMC 3690811. PMID 19457420.
- ↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/about/transmission.html Accessed on April 27, 2017
- ↑ Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G (2013). "Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children". BMJ. 347: f7204. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7204. PMID 24379214.