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{{Diabetic foot}}
{{Diabetic foot}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Type 2 diabetes]] and its complications are now considered as a growing health threat. It is the leading cause of [[blindness]], [[end stage renal disease]], [[coronary heart disease]] and foot ulceration which leads to [[amputation]]s. In general, the incidence of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations has been reported to be at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than with any other medical illness.  Among patients with diabetes, the lifetime risk of having foot ulcer is 15%. Diabetic foot ulcers dramatically worsen the physical, psychological and social quality of life <ref name="pmid12039404">{{cite journal| author=Assal JP, Mehnert H, Tritschler HJ, Sidorenko A, Keen H, Hellmut Mehnert Award Workshop Participants| title=On your feet! Workshop on the diabetic foot. | journal=J Diabetes Complications | year= 2002 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 183-94 | pmid=12039404 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12039404  }} </ref>. 1 in every 4 patients with [[diabetes]] develops complications. The pathogenesis of diabetics foot is due to two causes i.e. neuropathy and [[vasculopathy]]. Due to [[neuropathy]] the patient loses sensation whereas, vasculopathy causes poor blood supply to the foot region. Due to both these contributing factors, even a small trauma to the feet can give rise to ulcer or gangrene and may even require amputation. Thus, foot examination by a podiatrist or a doctor is recommended every year.
[[Type 2 diabetes]] and its complications are now considered as a growing health threat. It is the leading cause of [[blindness]], [[end stage renal disease]], [[coronary heart disease]] and foot ulceration which leads to [[amputation]]s. In general, the incidence of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations has been reported to be at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than with any other medical illness.  Among patients with diabetes, the lifetime risk of having foot ulcer is 15%. Diabetic foot ulcers dramatically worsen the physical, psychological and social quality of life <ref name="pmid12039404">{{cite journal| author=Assal JP, Mehnert H, Tritschler HJ, Sidorenko A, Keen H, Hellmut Mehnert Award Workshop Participants| title=On your feet! Workshop on the diabetic foot. | journal=J Diabetes Complications | year= 2002 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 183-94 | pmid=12039404 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12039404  }} </ref>. 1 in every 4 patients with [[diabetes]] develops complications. The pathogenesis of diabetics foot is due to two causes i.e. neuropathy and [[vasculopathy]]. Due to [[neuropathy]] the patient loses sensation whereas, vasculopathy causes poor blood supply to the foot region. Due to both these contributing factors, even a small trauma to the feet can give rise to ulcer or gangrene and may even require amputation. Thus, foot examination by a podiatrist or a doctor is recommended every year.
=Historical Perspective==
==Classification==
==Pathophysiology==
==Causes==
==Differentiating Diabetes foot other Diseases==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Risk Factors==
==Screening==


==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
Patients with diabetic foot have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, especially cardiovascular disorders, compared with patients with diabetes without a history of diabetic foot ulcer.<ref name="pmid22890823">{{cite journal| author=Brownrigg JR, Davey J, Holt PJ, Davis WA, Thompson MM, Ray KK et al.| title=The association of ulceration of the foot with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. | journal=Diabetologia | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 11 | pages= 2906-12 | pmid=22890823 | doi=10.1007/s00125-012-2673-3 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22890823  }} </ref>
Patients with diabetic foot have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, especially cardiovascular disorders, compared with patients with diabetes without a history of diabetic foot ulcer.<ref name="pmid22890823">{{cite journal| author=Brownrigg JR, Davey J, Holt PJ, Davis WA, Thompson MM, Ray KK et al.| title=The association of ulceration of the foot with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. | journal=Diabetologia | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 11 | pages= 2906-12 | pmid=22890823 | doi=10.1007/s00125-012-2673-3 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22890823  }} </ref>
==Diagnosis==
===History and Symptoms===
===Physical Examination===
===Laboratory Findings===
===Electrocardiogram===
===Chest X Ray===
===CT===
===MRI===
===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
===Other Imaging Findings===
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
==Treatment==
===Surgery===
===Medical Therapy===
===Primary Prevention===
===Secondary Prevention===
===Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy===
===Future or Investigational Therapies===
==Case Studies==
===Case #1===


==References==
==References==
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Revision as of 20:02, 22 July 2016


Diabetic foot Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Diabetic foot from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]

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Overview

Type 2 diabetes and its complications are now considered as a growing health threat. It is the leading cause of blindness, end stage renal disease, coronary heart disease and foot ulceration which leads to amputations. In general, the incidence of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations has been reported to be at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than with any other medical illness. Among patients with diabetes, the lifetime risk of having foot ulcer is 15%. Diabetic foot ulcers dramatically worsen the physical, psychological and social quality of life [1]. 1 in every 4 patients with diabetes develops complications. The pathogenesis of diabetics foot is due to two causes i.e. neuropathy and vasculopathy. Due to neuropathy the patient loses sensation whereas, vasculopathy causes poor blood supply to the foot region. Due to both these contributing factors, even a small trauma to the feet can give rise to ulcer or gangrene and may even require amputation. Thus, foot examination by a podiatrist or a doctor is recommended every year.

Historical Perspective=

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Diabetes foot other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Patients with diabetic foot have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, especially cardiovascular disorders, compared with patients with diabetes without a history of diabetic foot ulcer.[2]

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Surgery

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

References

  1. Assal JP, Mehnert H, Tritschler HJ, Sidorenko A, Keen H, Hellmut Mehnert Award Workshop Participants (2002). "On your feet! Workshop on the diabetic foot". J Diabetes Complications. 16 (2): 183–94. PMID 12039404.
  2. Brownrigg JR, Davey J, Holt PJ, Davis WA, Thompson MM, Ray KK; et al. (2012). "The association of ulceration of the foot with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis". Diabetologia. 55 (11): 2906–12. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2673-3. PMID 22890823.


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