Chancroid epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*UNAIDS and the World Health Organization estimate the global incidence of chancroid to be approximately 6 million cases per year.<ref name="Spinola2002">{{cite journal|last1=Spinola|first1=S. M.|title=Immunopathogenesis of Haemophilus ducreyi Infection (Chancroid)|journal=Infection and Immunity|volume=70|issue=4|year=2002|pages=1667–1676|issn=00199567|doi=10.1128/IAI.70.4.1667-1676.2002}}</ref> | *UNAIDS and the World Health Organization estimate the global incidence of chancroid to be approximately 6 million cases per year.<ref name="Spinola2002">{{cite journal|last1=Spinola|first1=S. M.|title=Immunopathogenesis of Haemophilus ducreyi Infection (Chancroid)|journal=Infection and Immunity|volume=70|issue=4|year=2002|pages=1667–1676|issn=00199567|doi=10.1128/IAI.70.4.1667-1676.2002}}</ref> | ||
*A true incidence is difficult to determine due to lack of readily available diagnostic testing. ''H. ducreyi'' is difficult to culture so chancroid may be under-diagnosed.<ref name="STDSurveillanceCDC">Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (November 16, 2009). http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats08/other.htm Accessed January 15, 2016.</ref> | *A true incidence is difficult to determine due to lack of readily available diagnostic testing. ''H. ducreyi'' is difficult to culture so chancroid may be under-diagnosed.<ref name="STDSurveillanceCDC">Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (November 16, 2009). http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats08/other.htm Accessed January 15, 2016.</ref> | ||
*Since 1987, reported cases of chancroid declined steadily until 2001. Since then, the number of cases reported has fluctuated.<ref name="STDSurveillanceCDC"></ref> | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
Revision as of 16:16, 19 January 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Infection levels are low in the western world, typically around one case per two million of the population (Canada, France, UK and USA). Most individuals diagnosed with chancroid have visited countries or areas where the disease is known to occur frequently, although outbreaks have been observed in association with crack cocaine use and prostitution.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- UNAIDS and the World Health Organization estimate the global incidence of chancroid to be approximately 6 million cases per year.[1]
- A true incidence is difficult to determine due to lack of readily available diagnostic testing. H. ducreyi is difficult to culture so chancroid may be under-diagnosed.[2]
- Since 1987, reported cases of chancroid declined steadily until 2001. Since then, the number of cases reported has fluctuated.[2]
Age
Gender
- The male-to-female ratio of patients with chancroid ranges from 3:1 in endemic areas to 25:1 during outbreak situations.[1]
- Female prostitutes with either symptomatic chancroid or as asymptomatic carriers serve as a reservoir for H. ducreyi.[1]
Race
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Spinola, S. M. (2002). "Immunopathogenesis of Haemophilus ducreyi Infection (Chancroid)". Infection and Immunity. 70 (4): 1667–1676. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.4.1667-1676.2002. ISSN 0019-9567.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (November 16, 2009). http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats08/other.htm Accessed January 15, 2016.