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| ===Common Causes===
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| *[[Bladder stones]]
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| *[[Chlamydia]]
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| *[[Cystitis]]
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| *[[Drugs]]
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| *[[Genital herpes]]
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| *[[Gonorrhea]]
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| *Ingredients in personal-care products, such as soaps or perfumes
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| *[[Kidney infection]]
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| *[[Kidney stones]]
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| *[[Prostatitis]]
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| *[[Sexually transmitted diseases]]
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| *[[Vaginitis]]
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| *[[Urethritis]]
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| *[[Urinary tract infection]]
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| *[[Yeast infection]]
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| acute bronchitisAcute bronchitis may be caused by both, bacterial and viral pathogens. Typical viral causes include: [[Human respiratory syncytial virus|respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], and [[influenza]]. In about half of instances of acute bronchitis a bacterial or viral pathogen is identified.<ref name="pmid11209098">{{cite journal |author=Macfarlane J, Holmes W, Gard P, ''et al'' |title=Prospective study of the incidence, aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract illness in the community |journal=Thorax |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=109–14 |year=2001 |pmid=11209098 |doi=}}</ref> Typical viruses include [[Human respiratory syncytial virus|respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], [[influenza]], and others.<ref name="pmid15260036">{{cite journal |author=Freymuth F, Vabret A, Gouarin S, ''et al'' |title=[Epidemiology and diagnosis of respiratory syncitial virus in adults] |language=French |journal=Revue des maladies respiratoires |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=35–42 |year=2004 |pmid=15260036 |doi=}}</ref>. Acute bronchitis can result from breathing irritating fumes, such as those of tobacco smoke or polluted air.
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| The four general categories of dyspnea are based on its causes: cardiac, pulmonary, mixed cardiac or pulmonary, and noncardiac or nonpulmonary. Sudden onset of dyspnea (acute dyspnea) is most typically associated with narrowing of the airways or airflow obstruction ([[bronchospasm]]), blockage of one of the arteries of the lung ([[pulmonary embolism]]), [[acute heart failure]] or [[myocardial infarction]], [[pneumonia]], or [[panic disorder]]. Long-standing dyspnea (chronic dyspnea) is most often a manifestation of chronic or progressive diseases of the lung and / or heart, such as [[COPD]], which includes [[chronic bronchitis]] and [[emphysema]].
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| Dyspnea also is experienced by individuals encountering high-altitude sickness (high-altitude [[pulmonary edema]], [HAPE]). This is associated with rapid rate of mountain ascent and normally occurs during the first 1 to 3 days of achieving a high altitude. Dyspnea resolves with use of supplemental oxygen, rapid descent, and occasionally [[hyperbaric]] therapy.
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