| MolarMass = 133.34 g mol<sup>−1</sup> (''anhydrous'')<br />241.432 g mol<sup>−1</sup> (''hexahydrate'')
<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->
| Appearance = Pale yellow solid,<br />[[hygroscopic]].
| Solubility = 43.9 g/100 ml (0°C)<br />44.9 g/100 ml (10°C)<br />45.8 g/100 ml (20°C)<br />46.6 g/100 ml (30°C)<br />47.3 g/100 ml (40°C)<br />48.1 g/100 ml (60°C)<br />48.6 g/100 ml (80°C)<br />49 g/100 ml (100°C)
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
|fdaLIADPed======Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport======Condition1=====
* Developed by:
* Class of Recommendation:
* Strength of Evidence:
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* Condition1
<!--Warnings-->
|warnings=* Description
====Precautions====
* Description
<!--Adverse Reactions-->
<!--Clinical Trials Experience-->
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Body as a Whole=====
=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
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=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
=====Miscellaneous=====
<!--Postmarketing Experience-->
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Body as a Whole=====
=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
=====Musculoskeletal=====
=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
=====Miscellaneous=====
<!--Drug Interactions-->
|drugInteractions=* Drug
:* Description
<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* Oral
* Intravenous
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* Description
<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose====Acute Overdose===
====Signs and Symptoms====
* Description
====Management====
* Description
===Chronic Overdose===
There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacology-->
==Overview==
<!--Drug box 2-->
'''Aluminium chloride''' (AlCl<sub>3</sub>) is a [[chemical compound|compound]] of [[aluminium]] and [[chlorine]]. The solid has a low melting and boiling point, and is [[Covalent bond|covalently bonded]]. It [[sublimation (physics)|sublimes]] at 178 °[[celsius|C]]. Molten AlCl<sub>3</sub> [[conductance|conducts]] [[electricity]] poorly,<ref name="Greenwood">N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, ''Chemistry of the Elements'', Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1984.</ref> unlike more [[ionic bond|ionic]] [[halide]]s such as [[sodium chloride]]. It exists in the solid state as a six-coordinate layer lattice.
|drugBox=<!--Mechanism of Action-->
|mechAction=*
AlCl<sub>3</sub> adopts the "YCl<sub>3</sub>" structure, featuring Al<sup>3+</sup> cubic close packed layered structure.<ref name="Wells">A. F. Wells, ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'', Oxford Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1984.</ref> In contrast, AlBr<sub>3</sub> has a more molecular structure, with the Al<sup>3+</sup> centers occupying adjacent tetrahedral holes of the close-packed framework of Br<sup>−</sup> ions. Upon melting AlCl<sub>3</sub> gives the [[dimer]] Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>, which can vaporise. At higher [[temperature]]s this Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub> dimer [[Dissociation (chemistry)|dissociates]] into trigonal planar AlCl<sub>3</sub>, which is structurally analogous to [[boron trifluoride|BF<sub>3</sub>]].
<!--Structure-->
|structure=*
Aluminium chloride is highly [[deliquescent]], and it can explode upon abrupt contact with [[water (molecule)|water]] because of the high heat of [[hydration]]. [[Aqueous]] [[solution]]s of AlCl<sub>3</sub> are ionic and thus [[conductance|conduct]] [[electricity]] well. Such solutions are found to be [[acid]]ic, indicative of partial [[hydrolysis]] of the Al<sup>3+</sup> ion is occurring. The reactions can be described (simplified) as:
: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
AlCl<sub>3</sub> is probably the most commonly used non-[[Brønsted-Lowry acid]] and also one of the most powerful. It finds widespread application in the [[chemical industry]] as a [[catalyst]] for [[Friedel-Crafts]] reactions, both acylations and alkylations. It also finds use in [[polymerization]] and [[isomerization]] reactions of [[hydrocarbon]]s.
<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
[[Aluminium]] also forms a lower [[chloride]], aluminum(I) chloride (AlCl), but this is very unstable and only known in the vapour phase.<ref name="Greenwood"/>
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
==Chemical properties==
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
'''Aluminium chloride''' is a powerful [[Lewis acid]], capable of forming stable Lewis acid-base adducts with even weak [[Lewis base]]s such as [[benzophenone]] or [[mesitylene]].<ref name="Friedel">G. A. Olah (ed.), ''Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions'', Vol. 1, Interscience, New York, 1963.</ref> Not surprisingly it forms AlCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in the presence of [[chloride]] ion.
|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
In water, partial hydrolysis forms [[hydrogen chloride|HCl gas]] or H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, as described in the overview above. [[Aqueous solution]]s behave similarly to other [[aluminium]] [[salt]]s containing hydrated Al<sup>3+</sup> [[ion]]s, giving a gelatinous [[precipitate]] of [[aluminium hydroxide]] upon reaction with the correct quantity of aqueous [[sodium hydroxide]]:
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
==Preparation==
<!--How Supplied-->
Aluminium chloride is manufactured on a large scale by the [[exothermic]] reaction of aluminium metal with chlorine or hydrogen chloride.<ref name="Greenwood"/>
|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
Hydrated forms are prepared by dissolving aluminium oxides with hydrochloric acid.
==Uses==
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
The [[Friedel-Crafts]] reaction<ref name="Friedel"/> is the major use for aluminium chloride, for example in the preparation of [[anthraquinone]] (for the [[dye]]stuffs industry) from [[benzene]] and [[phosgene]].<ref name="Greenwood"/> In the general [[Friedel-Crafts]] reaction, an [[acyl chloride]] or [[alkyl halide]] reacts with an [[aromatic]] system as shown:<ref name="Friedel"/>
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
With [[benzene]] [[derivative]]s, the major product is the para [[isomer]]. The alkylation reaction has many associated problems, such as in [[Friedel-Crafts]], so it is less widely used than the acylation reaction. For both reactions, the aluminum chloride, as well as other materials and the equipment, must be moderately dry, although a trace of moisture is necessary for the reaction to proceed. A general problem with the Friedel-Crafts reaction is that the aluminium chloride "[[catalyst]]" needs to be present in full [[stoichiometry|stoichiometric]] quantities in order for the reaction to go to completion, because it [[Complex (chemistry)|complex]]es strongly with the products (see chemical properties above). This makes it very difficult to recycle, so it must be destroyed after use, generating a large amount of corrosive waste. For this reason chemists are examining the use of more [[green chemistry|environmentally benign]] catalysts such as [[ytterbium]](III) [[triflate]] or [[dysprosium]](III) triflate, which can be recycled.
<!--Brand Names-->
|brandNames=* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title = | url = }}</ref>
Aluminium chloride can also be used to introduce [[aldehyde]] groups onto [[aromatic]] rings, for example via the Gatterman-Koch reaction which uses [[carbon monoxide]], [[hydrogen chloride]] and a [[copper(I) chloride]] co-[[catalyst]]):<ref>L. G. Wade, ''Organic Chemistry'', 5th edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United States, 2003.</ref>
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher = | date = }}</ref>
Aluminium chloride finds a wide variety of other applications in [[organic chemistry]].<ref>P. Galatsis, in: ''Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Acidic and Basic Reagents'', (H. J. Reich, J. H. Rigby, eds.), pp12-15, Wiley, New York, 1999.</ref> For example, it can catalyse the "[[ene reaction]]", such as the addition of 3-buten-2-one (methyl vinyl ketone) to [[carvone]]:<ref> B. B. Snider, ''Accounts of Chemical Research'' '''13''', 426 (1980).</ref>
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
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<!--Pill Image-->
AlCl<sub>3</sub> is also widely used for [[polymerization]] and [[isomerization]] reactions of [[hydrocarbon]]s. Important examples<ref name="Greenwood"/> include the manufacture of [[ethylbenzene]], which used to make [[styrene]] and thus [[polystyrene]], and also production of [[dodecylbenzene]], which is used for making [[detergent]]s.
Aluminium chloride combined with aluminum in the presence of an arene can be used to synthesize bis(arene) metal complexes, e.g. [[bis(benzene)chromium]], from certain metal halides via the so-called Fischer-Hafner synthesis.
Aluminum chloride, often in the form of derivatives such as [[aluminium chlorohydrate]], is a common component in [[antiperspirant]]s at low concentrations. [[Hyperhidrosis]] sufferers need a much higher concentration (15% or higher), sold under such brand names as Drysol®, Maxim®, Odaban®, CertainDri®, B+Drier® and Driclor®.
<!--Label Display Image-->
==Precautions==
Anhydrous AlCl<sub>3</sub> reacts vigorously with [[water (molecule)|water]] and [[base (chemistry)|base]]s, so suitable precautions are required. Hydrated salts are less problematic.
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
* [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc11/icsc1125.htm International Chemical Safety Card 1125]
* [http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/chemname.asp?nameID=33169 Index of Organic Synthesis procedures that utilize AlCl<sub>3</sub>]
* [http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=24012 PubChem summary of AlCl<sub>3</sub>]
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Black Box Warning
ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
Content
Overview
Aluminium chloride is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
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Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
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Developed by:
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Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chloride in adult patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
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Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chloride in adult patients.
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Aluminium chloride in pediatric patients.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Developed by:
Class of Recommendation:
Strength of Evidence:
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chloride in pediatric patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chloride in pediatric patients.
Contraindications
Condition1
Warnings
ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
Content
Description
Precautions
Description
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Aluminium chloride in the drug label.
Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous
Postmarketing Experience
There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Aluminium chloride in the drug label.