WBR0608

Author	[[PageAuthor::Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [1] (Reviewed by Alison Leibowitz)]]
Exam Type	ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category	MainCategory::Immunology, MainCategory::Microbiology
Sub Category	SubCategory::General Principles
Prompt	[[Prompt::On December 14, 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established updates to the vaccinations required for immigration to the United States. Which of the following is an inactivated/killed vaccine?]]
Answer A	AnswerA::Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
Answer A Explanation	AnswerAExp::This is a live, attenuated vaccine.
Answer B	AnswerB::Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
Answer B Explanation	AnswerBExp::This is a live, attenuated vaccine.
Answer C	AnswerC::Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine
Answer C Explanation	AnswerCExp::This is an example of a toxoid or inactivated toxin.
Answer D	AnswerD::Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Answer D Explanation	AnswerDExp::This belongs to the group subunit/conjugate type i.e., they are prepared using a protein subunit of the microorganism or using a poorly immunogenic polysaccharide capsule.
Answer E	AnswerE::Hepatitis A vaccine
Answer E Explanation	AnswerEExp::This is an example of an inactivated or heat killed vaccine.
Right Answer	RightAnswer::E
Explanation	[[Explanation::A vaccine is a biological preparation that establishes immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a pathogen and is often made from an inactivated or killed form of the microorganism, its toxins, or surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that in the future, when the pathogen enters the body the immune response is expedited. There are four major types of vaccines: Educational Objective: Examples of live attenuated vaccines include smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin polio virus, MMR, and Influenza (intranasal). Examples of killed vaccines include Rabies, influenza (injected), Salk Polio, and HAV vaccines. References: First Aid 2014 page 156]]
Approved	Approved::No
Keyword	WBRKeyword::Live vaccines, WBRKeyword::killed vaccines
Linked Question	Linked::
Order in Linked Questions	LinkedOrder::