Hepatitis B risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:07, 29 July 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Risk Factors

Individuals who are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection include:

Infants born to infected mothers
Young children in day-care or residential settings with other children in endemic areas
Sexual/household contacts of infected persons
Patients and employees in haemodialysis centres
Injection drug users sharing unsterile needles
People sharing unsterile medical or dental equipment
People providing or receiving acupuncture and/or tattooing with unsterile medical devices
Persons living in regions or travelling to regions with endemic hepatitis B
Sexually active heterosexuals
Men who have sex with men
Hemophilia patients
Travel to areas where hepatitis B is common

Frequent and routine exposure to blood or serum is the common denominator of healthcare occupational exposure.

References

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@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 * People providing or receiving acupuncture and/or tattooing with unsterile medical devices
 * Persons living in regions or travelling to regions with endemic hepatitis B
-*Inject drugs
+* Sexually active heterosexuals
-*Are a man who has sex with men
+* Men who have sex with men
-*Live in the same house with someone who has chronic (long-term) HBV infection
+* Hemophilia patients
-*Have a job that involves contact with human blood
+* Travel to areas where hepatitis B is common
-*Are a client in a home for the developmentally disabled
-*Have hemophilia
-*Travel to areas where hepatitis B is common (country listing)
-One out of 20 people in the United States will get infected with HBV some time during their lives.
+Frequent and routine exposure to [[blood]] or [[serum]] is the common denominator of healthcare occupational exposure.
-Their risk is higher if their parents were born in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Amazon basin in South America, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East.
-<!--
-sexually active heterosexuals
-men who have sex with men
-Frequent and routine exposure to blood or serum is
-the common denominator of healthcare occupational
-exposure. Surgeons, dentists, oral surgeons, pathologi
-sts, operating room and emergency room staff, and
-clinical laboratory workers who handle blood are at the highest risk.
-HBV infection is the major residual posttransfusion
-risk in developed countries
-because of t
-he long window
-period, HBV mutants, the low viraemia (difficulties for PCR on pooled samples) and the very high
-infectivity.
-Over one-third of patients with acute hepatitis B do not have readily identifiable risk factors.
-Efforts to vaccinate persons in the major risk groups have had limited success because of the difficulties in
-identifying vaccination candidates belonging to high
-risk groups. Moreover, regulations have to be
-developed to ensure the implementation of vaccination programs.
-, 37
-High risk persons should be post-tested within 1-2 months of receipt of the third dose of HBV vaccine, to
-identify good responders to vaccinati
-on. This policy is cost-saving since adequate responders do not need
-to be retested or given HBIG whenever they later are exposed to HBV. They also do not need to be
-offered booster doses of vaccine periodically.
--->
 == References ==

Hepatitis B risk factors: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:07, 29 July 2014

Overview

Risk Factors

References

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